CHAPTER 4:

AGITATION AND MIXING

PRESENTED BY:
NUR SYAZWANI BINTI ANUAR
NUR NABILAH BINTI KHAIRUL ANUAR
RAJA SYAZWINA BINTI RAJA HAFIZ
WAZIRR BIN HISHAM
NURUL SYAKIRAH BINTI AB RAHMAN

LECTURERS NAME:
MADAM SALAMIAH BINTI ZAKARIA
Agitation
It is an induced circularly motion of the material in a container in
a desired way.
Material is agitated by a stirrer or mixer that is made up of shaft
that connects motor and the impeller.

Mixing
It is a random distribution of materials in different phases into
another phases forming a homogenous phase.
Purposes of Agitation

1. Blending miscible liquids, e.g. methyl alcohol (CH2O) and water

(H2O).
2. Promotes heat transfer between the liquid in the tank or container
and a coil or jacket surrounding the container.
3. Dispersing a gas in a liquid as fine bubbles.
4. Dissolving solids in liquids.
5. Suspending of fine solid particles in a liquid.
DESIGN OF
AGITATED VESSEL
Agitated vessel had been
designed consists of:
Motor
Speed reducer
Shaft
Impeller
Baffle
Jacket
Thermowell

Typical agitation vessel

 Round bottom shape: To eliminate corners where fluid cannot penetrate

Motor: Adjust the speed of agitation of impeller

Speed reducer: Control the agitation speed

Shaft: A rotating member with impeller mounted on and driven by motor which

is used for agitation or mixing purpose.

Impeller: Creates a flow pattern

Baffle: Reduce tangential motion of fluid

Jacket: Made up of coil and involve in heat transfer to liquid

Thermowell: Protect the temperature sensing elements

(thermocouples) from breaking and allow the elements to be remove for

service without need to shutdown the process

TYPES OF IMPELLER

Propeller Paddles

Turbines
 PROPELLER
Propeller agitators blades are commonly
attached to the main shaft. Its tapering blade can
minimize the effect of centrifugal force and
produce a maximum axial flow.
They are flexible in operations and mostly used in
mechanical mixing of low to medium viscosity
fluids.
Standard 3-blade Weedless
 PADDLES
Paddle agitator is a agitator with blades that reach
up to the tank wall. They are used where an
uniform laminar flow of liquids is desired.
Suitable for stirring low and middle viscosity
liquids at moderate speeds
 TURBINE
Turbine agitator is multi-bladed paddle agitator. It
can create a turbulent movement of fluids due to the
combination of centrifugal and rotational motion.
Turbine has an excellent feature in designing the
flow patter where a change in design can divert the
flow pattern of fluid by radial flow or axial flow in the
reactor vessel.
 AGITATOR
APPLICATION ADVANTAGE DISADVANTAGE
MODEL
Less Metzner
PROPELLER Dairy and food Ott shear rate Motion of liquid
processing constant starts on one spot
Standard 3
Increase the Dead spots
Chemicals
blades homogeneity/Ho formation at high
Weedless processing mogenization rotation speeds
Good miscibility
Heavy duty
PADDLE mixing High power
Flat paddles Solid mixing Adjustable to 2 or consumption
Finger paddles Slurry mixing 4 blades Inefficient liquid
Gate paddles Excellent for low circulation
speed
TURBINE Liquid and gas
Excellent for
reactions Only for less
Straight blade dispersion
Highly used viscous liquid
Pitched blade operations
during reaction below 15 to 20
Vaned disk Creates good
and extraction Ns/m2
Curved blade radial flow
operations.
 Flow Pattern in Agitation Vessel
Can be categorized into three :

1) Axial Flow
Parallel to the shaft
More energy efficient than radial flow
mixing.
More effective at lifting solids from the
base of the tank.
Used for blending and solids
suspension.
2) Radial Flow
Perpendicular to the shaft.
The currents travel outward
to the vessel wall and then
either upward or downward.
Higher energy is required
compared to axial flow
impellers.
Used for dispersion
3) Tangential / Swirling Flow
Tangential to the circular path
Tangential or swirling flow field
is ineffective at dispersing the
solids (grouped below the
impeller).
At high impeller speeds,
vortex is formed and may be
so deep that it reaches the
impeller.
The higher the speed , the
deeper the vortex.
Large surface vortex is visible
at the top of the shaft.
How to prevent swirling in agitation vessel

Two ways to prevent swirling

Installing baffles in tank

Mixer mounting
-Offset angle mounting of mixers
-Offset vertical mounting of mixers
 1) Installing baffle in tank
Is a long, flat plates attached to the side of tank
Commonly used in cylindrical tank for blending solid
suspension
Suitable for large tanks with vertical agitators
Promote the movement of fluid from top to bottom
Mixer Agitator with Tank Baf
es - YouTube.MP4
 2) Mixer mounting

Offset angle mounting Offset vertical

of mixers mounting of mixers
Impeller is mounted Mixer be offset by
approximately 10-15 being placed vertically
from the vertical in tank
The rule is to offset
the mixer for 1/6th of
the total diameter
tank
BRAWN Mixer Smarts Part BRAWN Mixer Smarts Par
3 - YouTube.MP4 t 1 - YouTube.MP4
THE END