Manajemen Kinerja

Performance Management
BY: B IN TAN G, AY U
 Pengertian dari pakar
Performance management can be defined as a
systematic process for improving organizational
performance by developing the performance of
individuals and teams (Armstrong, 2006).
Performance management is the process
through which managers ensure that employees
activities and outputs contribute to the
organizations goals
(Noe, et al, 2011).
Performance management is a goal-oriented
process that is directed toward ensuring that
organizational processes are in place to maximize
the productivity of employees, teams, and
ultimately, the organization Sumber: Mondy & Mortacchio (2016)
(Mondy & Mortacchio, 2016).
Gambar 1. HRM Functions

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Performance Management may
be the single largest contributor to
organizational effectiveness in
recent years.
(Mondy & Mortacchio, 2016)

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 Sumber: Armstrong (2006)

Gambar 2. Aktivitas HRM

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Sumber: Noe, et al (2011)

Gambar 3. HRM Practices

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 Tujuan
Noe, et al (2011):
A. Strategic: membantu mencapai tujuan (goal) organisasi.
B. Administrative: menyediakan informasi sebagai decision making
support.
C. Developmental: mengembangkan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan
pekerja.

Armstrong (2006):
mengokohkan budaya kinerja yang tinggi pekerja dengan turut
bertanggung jawab atas keberlangsungan proses bisnis organisasi
(/perusahaan) dan untuk ketrampilan pekerja itu sendiri.

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 Rantai Hubungan

Sumber: Mathis & Jackson (2011)

Gambar 4. Rantai Hubungan (linkage) Manajemen Kinerja

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 Proses, Siklus, atau
Komponen (?)
Performance
and
development
agreement

Managing
Performance performance
review throughout the
year

Sumber: Noe, et al (2011) Sumber: Armstrong (2006) Sumber: Mathis & Jackson (2011)
Gambar 5. Proses MK Gambar 6. Siklus MK Gambar 7. Komponen MK

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Persamaan dari beberapa pendapat ahli tentang
manajemen kinerja ada pada pengukuran
kinerja. Bahwa untuk melihat bagaimana proses
dan/atau hasil kinerja (performance), perlu
adanya sebuah pengukuran (measurement).
Pengukuran kinerja secara keseluruhan sering
disebut sebagai performace appraisal.

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 Mengukur Kinerja
Making Comparisons
Simple Ranking forced-distribution method, paired-comparison
method
Rating Individuals
Rating Attributes graphic rating scale, mixed standard scale
Rating Behavior critical-incident method, behaviorally anchored
rating scale (BARS), behavioral observation scale (BOS), organizational
behavior modification (OBM)
Measuring Result
Management by Objectives (MBO)
Total Quality Management (TQM)
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 Mengukur Kinerja
Performance Appraisal is a formal system of
review and evaluation of individual or team task
performance
(Mondy & Mortacchio, 2016).
Performance appraisal means evaluating an
employees current and/or past performance
relative to his or her performance standards
(Dessler, 2013).
Sumber: Mondy & Mortacchio (2016)

Gambar 8. Proses Performance Appraisal

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 Mengukur Kinerja

Sumber: Dessler (2013)

Gambar 9. Contoh Simple Ranking: Paired-Comparison Method

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 Mengukur Kinerja

Sumber: Noe, et al (2011)

Gambar 10. Contoh Rating Attributes: Graphic Rating Scale

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 Mengukur Kinerja

Sumber: Noe, et al (2011)

Gambar 11. Contoh Rating Behavior:

Behavioral Observation Scale

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 Mengukur Kinerja

Sumber: Noe, et al (2011)

Gambar 12. Contoh Measuring Result: Management By Objectives

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Meningkatkan Kinerja

Sumber: London (1997) dalam Noe, et al (2011)

Gambar 13. Improving Performance

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 Miscellaneous
Sumber Informasi Kinerja 360 Degree Performance
Appraisal
manajer, rekan kerja, bawahan, pekerja itu sendiri, pelanggan
(Noe, et al, 2011).
Potensi Kesalahan Performance Appraisal
standar kurang jelas, halo effect, tendensi terpusat, bias,
terlalu longgar atau terlalu kaku (Dessler, 2013).
Panduan Efektif Performance Appraisal
ketahui masalah kinerja, gunakan metode pengukuran yang
tepat, diary, buat persetujuan perencanaan, memastikan
keadilan (Dessler, 2013).
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 Miscellaneous
Giving Performance
Feedback
menjadwalkan,
menyiapkan, mengadakan
performance feedback
(Noe, et al, 2011)

Sumber: Mathis & Jackson (2011)

Gambar 14. Appraisal Interview H

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 Bibliograf
Armstrong, M., 2006. A Handbook of Human Resource Management Practice.
10th ed. London and Philadelphia: Kogan Page.
Dessler, G., 2013. Human Resource Management. 13th ed. New Jersey:
Pearson Education, Inc.
Mathis, R. L. & Jackson, J. H., 2011. Human Resources Management. 13th ed.
Mason: Cengage Learning.
Mondy, R. W. & Martocchio, J. J., 2016. Human Resource Management. 14th
ed. Essex: Pearson Education.
Noe, R. A., Hollenbeck, J. R., Gerhart, B. & Wright, P. M., 2011. Fundamentals of
Human Resources Management. 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.

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 Tengkyuuu :)

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