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WEL COME
IHGI JALANDHAR
Dr. k. k. chawla
Chi-squared distribution
O E (O-E) (O-E)2
264.96
Step 4: Determine your samples score on the
comparison distribution.
Determine the expected frequencies in each category.
males = 693, females = 693
O E (O-E) (O-E)2
264.96
Step 4: Determine your samples score on the
comparison distribution.
In each category, take observed minus expected frequencies.
O E (O-E) (O-E)2
264.96
Step 4: Determine your samples score on the
comparison distribution.
Square each of these differences.
O E (O-E) (O-E)2
264.96
Step 4: Determine your samples score on the
comparison distribution.
Divide each squared difference by the expected frequency for
its category.
O E (O-E) (O-E)2
264.96
Step 4: Determine your samples score on the
comparison distribution.
Add up these results for all categories.
O E (O-E) (O-E)2
264.96
Example of Hypothesis Testing Chi-Square
Test for Goodness of Fit: Step 5
Chi-squared distribution
O E (O-E) (O-E)2
Aggressive 8 5 3 9 9/5 1.8
Manipulative 2 5 -3 9 9/6 1.8
Passive 2 5 3 9 9/7 1.8
Assertive 8 5 -3 9 9/8 1.8
7.2
Step 4: Determine your samples score on the
comparison distribution.
O E (O-E) (O-E)2
Aggressive 8 5 3 9 9/5 1.8
Manipulative 2 5 -3 9 9/6 1.8
Passive 2 5 3 9 9/7 1.8
Assertive 8 5 -3 9 9/8 1.8
7.2
Step 4: Determine your samples score on the
comparison distribution.
O E (O-E) (O-E)2
Aggressive 8 5 3 9 9/5 1.8
Manipulative 2 5 -3 9 9/6 1.8
Passive 2 5 3 9 9/7 1.8
Assertive 8 5 -3 9 9/8 1.8
7.2
Step 4: Determine your samples score on the
comparison distribution.
O E (O-E) (O-E)2
Aggressive 8 5 3 9 9/5 1.8
Manipulative 2 5 -3 9 9/6 1.8
Passive 2 5 3 9 9/7 1.8
Assertive 8 5 -3 9 9/8 1.8
7.2
Step 4: Determine your samples score on the
comparison distribution.
O E (O-E) (O-E)2
Aggressive 8 5 3 9 9/5 1.8
Manipulative 2 5 -3 9 9/6 1.8
Passive 2 5 3 9 9/7 1.8
Assertive 8 5 -3 9 9/8 1.8
7.2
Step 4: Determine your samples score on the
comparison distribution.
O E (O-E) (O-E)2
Aggressive 8 5 3 9 9/5 1.8
Manipulative 2 5 -3 9 9/6 1.8
Passive 2 5 3 9 9/7 1.8
Assertive 8 5 -3 9 9/8 1.8
7.2
Example of Hypothesis Testing Chi-Square
Test
Yes 7 1 1 1 10
No 1 1 1 7 10
TOTAL 8 2 2 8 20
Yes 7 1 1 1 10
No 1 1 1 7 10
TOTAL 8 2 2 8 20
Step 3: Determine the cutoff sample score on
the comparison distribution at which the null
hypothesis should be rejected.
Decide the significance level you will use for
your study.
For 1 degree of freedom and a .05 significance
level, using the chi-square table your cutoff is
7.815
Step 4: Determine your samples score on the
comparison distribution.
Determine the actual observed frequencies in each cell.
Find each rows percentage of the total.
Yes 7 1 1 1 10 (50%)
No 1 1 1 7 10 (50%)
TOTAL 8 2 2 8 20
Step 4: Determine your samples score
on the comparison distribution.
EXPECTED FREQUENCIES
For each cell, multiply its rows percentage by the columns total.
TOTAL 8 2 2 8 20
Step 4: Determine your samples score
on the comparison distribution.
Determine your samples score on the
comparison distribution.
Figure the X2
TOTAL 8 2 2 8 20
Suspended Aggressive Manipulative Passive Assertive TOTAL