Organization &

Body Systems
Unit 1: Intro to Anatomy
Chapter 1.1
 Anatomy & Physiology

The study of
the human body
Anatomy is
concerned with
the structure of
a part
Physiology is
concerned
with the
function of
the part
 Levels of Organization
Body is organized into levels from
most simple to most complex
 Atoms

Most simple
Compose all
substances
Chemicals
elements
Molecules

Atoms joined
together form
molecules
Example:
amino acids
 Macromolecules

Molecules joined
together form
macromolecules
Example: protein
 Organelles
Tinystructures
found in cells that
perform cellular
functions
Example:
mitochondria
supplies cell with
energy
 Cells
Macromolecules found in all cells
Basic unit of all living things
 Tissue
Composed of similar types of cells and
performs a specific function
Example: blood, muscle, fat
 Organs
Groups of
tissues working
together to
perform a
specific
function
Example: heart,
stomach
Organ System
Groups of organs
that perform a
particular function
Example: digestive
system: supply body
with the nutrients
needed for growth
and repair
 Organism
Allthe body systems
make up an organism
Unicellular organism:
made up of one cell
Example: amoeba
Multicellular organism:
made up of many cells
Example: gorillas
 Review
1. ________ is concerned with the
structure or an organ or part,
while ________ is concerned with
the function.

ANSWER: Anatomy, Physiology

2. ___________ are groups of tissues
working together to perform a
specific function.

Answer: Organs
3. ______________ organisms are made
up of many cells, while ___________
organisms are made up of one cell.

ANSWER: multicellular, unicellular

4. Basic unit of all living things are
called ________.

ANSWER: cells
 Homeostasis
Homeostasis is the relative constancy
of the bodys internal environment
Evenwhen external conditions change,
the bodys internal condition stays
within a narrow range
All
systems of the body contribute
toward maintaining homeostasis
If
the bodys internal conditions
changes greatly, illness results
2 types of homeostasis mechanisms:
Negative feedback returns a variable back
to a the set point
 Positive feedback mechanism that
brings about an ever greater change in the
same direction
Example: Childbirth
 Introduction
Organs in the body
work together in
systems
11 organ systems in
the body
Organ systems can
be divided into 4
categories based
on function
 Body
Systems

Support,
Integration & Maintenance Reproduction &
Movement,
Coordination of the Body Development
& Protection
Support, Movement, &
Protection
Integumentary System:
Organs: skin and
accessory organs (hair &
nails)
Function: protects tissue,
regulate body
temperature & contains
sense organs
 Skeletal System
Organs: bones,
cartilage, & ligaments
Function: protects
body parts, produce
blood cells, stores
calcium &
phosphorus salts
 Muscular System
Organs: skeletal,
cardiac, and smooth
muscles
Function: move
voluntarily, respond
to stimuli, produce
body heat
 Integration & Coordination
Nervous System
Organs: brain, spinal
cord & nerves
Function: conducts
nerve impulses from
the sense organs to
the brain and then
to the muscles and
gland
 Endocrine System:
Organs:
Hypothalamus,
pituitary, thyroid,
parathyroid, adrenals,
pancreas, ovaries,
testes
Function: secretes
chemicals that are
messengers between
body part, maintain
proper functioning of
reproductive system
Maintenance of Body
Circulatory
(Cardiovascular)
system:
Organs: Heart, blood
vessels, blood
Function: transports
nutrients and oxygen
to cells through blood,
removes wastes
 Immune
(Lymphatic) System:
Organs: Lymph
nodes, thymus,
spleen
Function: protects
body from disease
 Respiratory
System:
Organs: Nose,
pharynx, larynx,
trachea, lungs
Function: bring
oxygen into
lungs and take
carbon dioxide
out of the lungs
 Digestive System:
Organs: mouth,
pharynx,
esophagus,
stomach, small &
large intestine,
rectum
Function: receive
food and digest
into nutrient
molecules
 Urinary System:
Organs: kidneys and
urinary bladder
Function: gets rid of
nitrogenous wastes,
helps regulate fluid
level and chemical
content of the
blood
 Reproduction & Development
Reproductive
System:
Organs:
Male: testes,
epididymis, vas
deferens,
urethra, penis
Female: ovaries,
Fallopian tubes,
vagina, uterus
Function: produce
sex cells, nourish
and protect fetus
(female)