Professional Documents
Culture Documents
HEALTH NURSING
By: MS. CAROLINA D. BARROT, MAN,RN /
MR. JARVIN G. RENOMERON, MAN, MHS, RN
(Mark 10:45)
Discipleship is a lifestyle
Not just a biblical truth
Nor a Christian ideal but a way of life
For the Son of Man also came not to be
served
But to serve and to give His life as a
ransom for many.
COVERAGE FOR LOCAL
BOARD EXAM : CHN
I. Safe and Quality Care, Health
Education, and Communication,
Collaboration and Teamwork
1. Principles and Standard of CHN
2. Levels of care
3. Types of Clientele
4. Health Care Delivery System
5. PHC as a Strategy
6. Family-based Nursing
Services(Family Health Nursing
Process)
7. Population Group-based Nursing
Services
8. Community-based Nursing
Services/Community Health
Nursing Process
9. Community Organizing
10.Public Health Programs
II. Research and Quality
Improvement
Principles
1.The need of the community is the basis
of community health nursing.
2.The community health nurse must
understand fully the objectives and
policies of the agency she represents.
3. The family is the unit of service.
4. CHN must be available to all regardless of
race,creed and socioeconomic status
5. The CHN works as a member of the health team
6. There must be provision for periodic evaluation of
community health nursing services
7. Opportunities for continuing staff education
programs for nurses must be provided by the
community health nursing agency and the CHN
as well
8. The CHN makes use of available community
health resources
9. The CHN taps the already
existing active organized groups in
the community
10. There must be provision for
educative supervision in community
health nursing
11. There should be accurate
recording and reporting in
community health nursing
12. Health teaching is the primary
responsibility of the community
health nurse
Standards in CHN
I. Theory
Applies theoretical concepts as basis for
decisions in practice
II. Data Collection
Gathers comprehensive , accurate data
systematically
Standards
III. Diagnosis
Analyzes collected data to determine the
needs/ health problems of IFC
IV. Planning
At each level of prevention, develops plans
that specify nursing actions unique to
needs of clients
Standards
V. Intervention
Guided by the plan, intervenes to promote,
maintain or restore health, prevent illness
and institute rehabilitation
VI. Evaluation
Evaluates responses of clients to
interventions to note progress toward
goal achievement, revise data base,
diagnoses and plan
Standards
IX. Research
Indulges in research to contribute to theory
and practice in community health
nursing
LEVELS OF CARE/
PREVENTION
1. PRIMARY
2. SECONDARY
3. TERTIARY
Types of Clientele
1. INDIVIDUALS
2. FAMILIES
3. COMMUNITIES
4. POPULATION GROUPS
- Aggregate of people who share common
characteristics, developmental stage or
common exposure to particular environmental
factors thus resulting in common health
problems ( Clark, 1995:5) e.g. children .
elderly, women, workers etc.
Phil.Health Care Delivery
System
1.PRIMARY LEVEL FACILITIES
8. DECENTRALIZATION
MAJOR STRATEGIES OF PRIMARY
HEALTH CARE
A. ELEVATING HEALTH TO A
COMPREHENSIVE AND SUSTAINED
NATIONAL EFFORTS.
Attaining Health for all Filipino will require
expanding participation in health and health related
programs whether as service provider or beneficiary.
Empowerment to parents, families and communities to
make decisions of their health is really the desired
outcome.
Advocacy must be directed to National and Local
policy making to elicit support and commitment to
major health concerns through legislations, budgetary
and logistical considerations.
B. PROMOTING AND SUPPORTING
COMMUNITY MANAGED HEALTH CARE
1. Nuclear
2. Extended
3. Three generational
4. Dyad
5. Single- Parent
6. Step- Parent
7. Blended or reconstituted
Types of Families
Qualifications
1.Bachelor of Science in
Nursing
2.Registered Nurse of
the Philippines
Planner/Programmer
1. Identifies needs, priorities, and problems of
individuals, families, and communities
2. Formulates municipal health plan in the absence
of a medical doctor
3. Interprets and implements nursing plan, program
policies, memoranda, and circular for the
concerned staff personnel
4. Provides technical assistance to rural health
midwives in health matters
Provider of Nursing
Care
1. Provides direct nursing care to sick or
disabled in the home, clinic, school, or
workplace
2. Develops the familys capability to take
care of the sick, disabled, or
dependent member
Manager/Supervisor
1. Formulates individual, family, group, and
community-centered plan
2. Interprets and implements programs,
policies, memoranda, and circulars
3. Organizes work force, resources,
equipments, and supplies at local level
4. Provides technical and administrative
support to Rural Health Midwives (RHM)
5. Conducts regular supervisory visits and
meetings to different RHMs and gives
feedback on accomplishments
Community Organizer
1. Motivates and enhances
community participation in
terms of planning, organizing,
implementing, and evaluating
health services
2. Initiates and participates in
community development
activities
Coordinator of Services
1. Coordinates with individuals, families,
and groups for health related services
provided by various members of the
health team
2. Coordinates nursing program with
other health programs like
environmental sanitation, health
education, dental health, and mental
health
Trainer/Health Educator
1. Identifies and interprets training needs
of the RHMs, Barangay Health Workers
(BHW), and hilots
2. Conducts training for RHMs and hilots
on promotion and disease prevention
3. Conducts pre and post-consultation
conferences for clinic clients; acts as a
resource speaker on health and health-
related services
4. Initiates the use of tri-media (radio/TV,
cinema plugs, and print ads) for health
education purposes
5. Conducts pre-marital counseling
Health Monitor
1. Detects deviation from
health of individuals,
families, groups, and
communities through
contacts/visits with them
Role Model
1.Provides good
example of healthful
living to the
members of the
community
Change Agent
1. Motivates changes in health
behavior in individuals,
families, groups, and
communities that also
include lifestyle in order to
promote and maintain health
Recorder/Reporter/Statistician
1. Prepares and submits required
reports and records
2. Maintain adequate, accurate, and
complete recording and reporting
3. Reviews, validates, consolidates,
analyzes, and interprets all records
and reports
4. Prepares statistical data/chart and
other data presentation
Researcher
1. Participates in the conduct of
survey studies and researches on
nursing and health-related
subjects
2. Coordinates with government and
non-government organization in
the implementation of
studies/research
Community Organizing
Principles of CO:
1. People esp. the oppressed, exploited
and deprived sectors are most open to
change, have the capacity to change and
are able to bring about change. Hence ,
CO is based on the ff:
A. Power must reside in the people
B. Devt. is from the people to the people
C. People participation
Principles of CO
OBJECTIVES OF EPI:
TO REDUCE MORBIDITY AND
MORTALITY RATES AMONG INFANTS AND
CHILDREN from SIX CHILDHOOD
IMMUNIZABLE DISEASE
ELEMENTS OF EPI:
1. TARGET SETTING
2. COLDCHAIN LOGISTIC MANAGEMENT-
Vaccine distribution through cold chain is
designed to ensure that the vaccine were
maintained under proper environmental
condition until the time of administration.
3. IEC
4. Assessment and evaluation of Over-all
performance of the program
5. Surveillance and research studies
EXPANDED PROGRAM ON
IMMUNIZATION
Vaccine Minimum Number Minimum Reason
Age of 1st of Interval
Dose Doses Between
Doses
1. BCG Birth or 1 BCG is given
(Bacillus at the earliest
anytime possible age
Calmette after protects
Guerin) against the
birth
possibility of
School
TB infection
entrants from the other
family
members
2. DPT 6 weeks 4 weeks An early start with
(Diphtheria 3 DPT reduces the
Pertusis
Tetanus)
chance of severe
pertussis
3. OPV 6 weeks 4 weeks The extent of
(Oral Polio 3 protection against
Vaccine)
polio is increased
the earlier OPV is
given.
4. 6 weeks 4 weeks An early start of
Hepatitis B 3 Hepatitis B reduces
the chance of being
infected and becoming
a carrier.
5. Measles 9 months At least 85% of measles
1 can be prevented by
immunization at this age.
TETANUS TOXOID IMMUNIZATION
SCHEDULE FOR WOMEN
MOTHER
Oxytocin help the uterus contracts
Uterine involution
Reduce incidence of Breast Cancer
Promote Maternal-Infant Bonding
Form of Family planning Method
(Lactational Amenorrhea)
BABY
Provides Antibodies
Contains Lactoferin (binds with
Iron)
Leukocytes
Contains Bifidus factor-
promotes growth of the Lactobacillus-
inhibits the growth of pathogenic
bacilli
POSITIONS IN BF THE BABY:
1. Cradle Hold = head and neck are supported
2. Football Hold
3. Side Lying Position
BEST FOR BABIES
REDUCE INCIDENCE OF ALLERGENS
ECONOMICAL
ANTIBODIES PRESENT
STOOL INOFFENSIVE (GOLDEN YELLOW)
EMPERATURE ALWAYS IDEAL
FRESH MILK NEVER GOES OFF
EMOTIONALLY BONDING
EASY ONCE ESTABLISHED
DIGESTED EASILY
IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE
NUTRITIONALLY OPTIMAL
GASTROENTERITIS GREATLY REDUCED
GARANTISADONG PAMBATA (GP)
Garantisadong Pambata is a biannual week long
delivery of a package of health services to children
between the ages of 0-59 months old with the purpose
of reducing morbidity and mortality among under fives
through the promotion of positive Filipino values for
proper child growth and development.
A. NATURAL METHODS
1. Calendar or Rhythm Method
2. Basal Body Temperature Method
3. Cervical Mucus Method
4. Sympto-Thermal Method
5. Lactational Amennorhea
B. ARTIFICIAL METHODS
I. CHEMICAL METHODS
1.Ovulation suppressant such as PILLS
2. Depo-Provera
3. Spermicidals
4. Implant
II. MECHANICAL METHODS
1. Male and Female Condom
2. Intrauterine Device
3. Cervical Cap/Diaphragm
III. SURGICAL METHODS
1. Vasectomy
2. Tubal Ligation
WARNING SIGNS
Pills
Abdominal pain ( severe)
Chest pain ( severe)
Headache ( severe)
Eye problems ( blurred vision, flashing
lights, blindness)
Severe leg pain ( calf or thigh )
Others: depression, jaundice, breast
lumps
WARNING SIGNS
IUD
*Period late, no symptoms of pregnancy,
abnormal bleeding or spotting
*Abdominal pain during intercourse
*Infection or abnormal vaginal discharge
*Not feeling well, has fever or chills
*String is missing or has become shorter
or longer
WARNING SIGNS
INJECTABLES
Dizziness
Severe headache
Heavy bleeding
WARNING SIGNS
BTL
Fever
Weakness
Rapid pulse
Persistent abdominal pain
Vomiting
Dizziness
Pus or tenderness at incision site
Amenorrhea
WARNING SIGNS
Vasectomy
Fever
Scrotal blood clots or excessive swelling
Nutrition
Goal
To improve the nutritional
status, productivity and quality
of life of the population thru
adoption of desirable dietary
practices and healthy lifestyle
Objectives
Increase food and dietary energy
intake of the average Filipino
Prevent nutritional deficiency
diseases and nutrition-related
chronic degenerative diseases
Promote a healthy well-balanced
diet
Promote food safety
Nutrition is a state of well-being achieved by
eating the right food in every meal and the
proper utilization of the nutrients by the body.
Proper nutrition is important because:
it helps in the development of the brain, especially
during the first years of the childs life.
It speeds up the growth and development of the body
including the formation of teeth and bones
It helps fight infection and diseases
It speeds up the recovery of a sick person
It makes people happy and productive
Proper nutrition is eating a balanced diet in every meal
Balanced diet is made up of a
combination of the 3 basic
groups eaten in correct amounts.
The grouping serves as a guide
in selecting and planning
everyday meals for the family.
THE THREE (3) BASIC FOOD GROUPS ARE:
1. Body building food which are rich in
protein and needed by the body for:
< normal growth and repair of worn-out body
tissues
< supplying additional energy
< fighting infections
< Examples of protein-rich food are: fish;
pork; chicken; beef; cheese; butter; kidney
beans; mongo; peanuts; bean curd; shrimp;
clams
2. Energy-giving food which are rich in
carbohydrates and fats and needed by the body
for:
< providing enough energy to make the body
strong
< Examples of energy-giving food are: rice;
corn; bread; cassava; sweet potato; banana;
sugar cane; honey; lard; cooking oil;
coconut milk; margarine; butter
3. Body-regulating food which are rich in
Vitamins and minerals and needed by the
body for:
< normal development of the eyes, skin,
hair, bones, and teeth
< increased protection against diseases
< Examples of body-regulating food are:
tisa; ripe papaya; mango; guava; yellow
corn; banana; orange; squash; carrot
Low Fat Tips
1. Eat at least 3 meals/day
2. Eat more fruits, vegetables, grain and
cereals e.g. rice, noodles and potato
3. If you use butter or margarine, pat it on
thinly
4. Choose low fat substitute i.e. replace
whole milk with skimmed milk, low fat
cheese
5. Become a label reader. Look for foods that
have less than 5 g /100 g of product
6. Eat less high fat snacks and take away
potato chips, sausage rolls or breaded
meats
7. Cut all visible fat from meat, remove skin
from chicken fat drippings and cream
sauces
8. Aim for thin palm-size serving of lean
meat, poultry and fish/ meal
9. Grill, bake, steam, stew, stir fry and
microwave, try not to fry
10. Drink lots of water all day- its a food
quencher
Ambulate
LEVEL I
Non-water carriage toilet facility no water necessary
to wash the waste into receiving space e.g.pit latrines, reed
odorless earth closet.
Toilet facilities requiring small amount of water to
wash the waste into the receiving space e.g. pour flush toilet &
aqua privies
LEVEL II on site toilet
facilities of the water carriage
type with water-sealed and
flush type with septic
vault/tank disposal.
LEVEL III water carriage types of toilet facilities
connected to septic tanks and/or to sewerage
system to treatment plant.
FOOD SANITATION PROGRAM
1. Quality Assurance
2. Grant and Technical Assistance
3. Health Promotion
4. Awards
Expected Outcome: SSM
EPI
Disease Surveillance
CARI
CDD
Nutrition/ Micronutrient Supplementation-
*Food Fortification :
Rice iron; Oil and sugar Vit. A;
Flour-Vit. A & iron; Salt- iodine
Integrated Management of
Childhood Illness ( IMCI)
Integrates management of most common
childhood problems ( diarrhea,
pneumonia, measles, malnutrition, DHF,
malaria)
Involves family members and community
in the health care process for physical
growth and mental development &
disease prevention
Programs on Measles.
Chickenpox, Mumps,
Diphtheria, Pertusis, Tetanus
focused on health
information campaigns and
intensive immunization of
children in barangays.
Other CHN Practice
Settings
I. Occupational Health
- the application of public health, medical and
engineering practice for the purpose of
conserving, restoring the health and
effectiveness of workers thru their places of
employment
A. Occupational Health Nursing
- the application of nursing principles and
procedures in providing health service to
employees in their place of work by means of:
1. prompt and efficient nursing care of the
ill and impaired
2. participation in teaching health and
safety practices on the job
3. cooperation with plant department
administrators
4.keeping the health clinic and staff ready
to handle emergencies
5. advising workers in the utilization of
community and welfare services
Objectives of OHN
1. SERVICE
2. EDUCATION
3. ENVIRONMENT
Mission of School Health Program:
Psychologist/ Counselor
Teacher
Nutritionist
Nurse
Social Workers
Maintenance Personnel
Targets in SHN
Family
Students
Teachers
Supportive Personnel
Community
School Health Nurses Roles:
EDUCATOR
CONSULTANT /RESEARCHER
STUDENT, FAMILY AND STAFF
ADVOCATE/CHANGE AGENT
HEALTH SCREENER
HEALTH CARE PROVIDER
Common Health Concerns of
Schoolchildren:
1.Drug and Alcohol Abuse
2. STDs/STIs
3. Teenage Pregnancies
4. Mental Health
5. Dermatological Disorders- pimples/acne,
fungal infections, allergies
6. Respiratory Conditions- asthma, URTI
7. Nutrition
8. Dental Health
There was a man who saw a scorpion
floundering around in the water.
He decided to save it by stretching out his
finger but the scorpion stung him.
The man still tried to get the scorpion out of
the water but the scorpion stung him again.
Another man nearby told him to stop saving
the scorpion but the man said, Its the
nature of the scorpion to sting. Its my nature
to love, why should I give up my nature to
love just because its the nature of the
scorpion to sting?