Electromagnetism and movement What is the link between movement, magnetism and electric current?
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Wire in a magnetic field
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Changing the direction of the force The direction of the force acting on a wire in an electromagnetic field can be reversed by:
reversing the current reversing the magnetic field
The direction of the force is therefore relative to both the
direction of the magnetic field and the current.
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Flemings left-hand rule It is possible to predict the direction of the force acting on a wire its motion if the direction of the current or the magnetic field are known. Flemings left-hand rule is used to do this. thuMb = Motion
First finger = magnetic Field
seCond finger = Current
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Increasing the size of the force
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Coil in a magnetic field
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The motor effect: true or false?
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10 of 29 Boardworks Ltd 2007 What are electric motors? How many items do you own that contain an electric motor?
An electric motor is a device that
converts electrical energy into mechanical energy to produce a turning effect.
Most motors are powered using direct
current (DC), which is produced by cells and batteries.
Motors powered by mains electricity
use alternating current (AC). These motors use electromagnets rather than permanent magnets.
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How does an electric motor work?
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DC electric motor simulation
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How do we increase motor strength? Would the same strength motor be used in both of these?
How can the strength of an electric motor be increased?
increase the current flowing through the coil increase the strength of the magnet increase the number of turns on the coil
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15 of 29 Boardworks Ltd 2007 Inducing current in a wire
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Flemings right-hand rule It is possible to predict the direction of the induced current produced by a generator if the direction of the force (or motion) or the magnetic field are known. Flemings right- hand rule is used to do this. thuMb = Motion
First finger = magnetic Field
seCond finger = Current
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What is electromagnetic induction? When current flows through a wire held in a magnetic field, a force is created that moves the wire.
The opposite is also possible: if a
wire is moved across a magnetic field, a current is produced. This is called electromagnetic induction.
Induction also occurs if a magnet is
moved in a coil of wire, or if a coil of wire rotates in a magnetic field.
In all these methods of inducing a current, the wire and
magnetic field move perpendicular to each other. If they move parallel to each other, no current is induced.
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Inducing current in a coil
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What are generators? A generator is a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. It is the opposite of an electric motor. Power stations use generators to produce electricity on a large scale. Mechanical energy is provided by rotating turbines that can be powered by: high-pressure steam in coal, oil, gas and nuclear power stations wind in wind turbines falling water in hydroelectric power stations
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How do AC generators work?
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AC generator simulation
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Increasing the size of the induced current How can the size of an induced current be increased? increase the speed at which the coil rotates increase the strength of the magnetic field increase the number of turns in the coil increase the total area of the coil.
In a power station generator, an electromagnet is often used as this can provide a stronger magnetic field than is possible with a permanent magnet.
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Factors affecting induced current
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Induction: true or false?
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26 of 29 Boardworks Ltd 2007 Glossary
alternating current A current that constantly changes
direction. It is produced by most electrical generators. commutator The part of a motor that enables the coil to rotate using direct current. direct current A current that always flows in the same direction. It is produced by cells and batteries. generator A device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. induction Generating a current in a wire by moving the wire in a magnetic field, or by moving a magnet inside a coil. motor A device that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. slip rings The parts of a generator that enable the rotating coil to produce alternating current.
Perceptual Objective Listening Quality Assessment (POLQA), The Third Generation ITU-T Standard For End-to-End Speech Quality Measurement Part I-Temporal Alignment