Underbead Cracks

WIT 9- 14
 Underbead Cracking
Often delayed cracking
Caused by hydrogen
Difficult to detect
Avoid with low H2 process

WIT 9- 15
 Incomplete Fusion

A weld discontinuity in which fusion did not

occur between weld metal and fusion faces or
adjoining weld beads

WIT 9- 16
 Locations of Incomplete Fusion

WIT 9- 17
 Incomplete Fusion at Weld Face

WIT 9- 18
 Incomplete Fusion Between
Weld Metal and Base Metal

WIT 9- 19
Radiograph of Side-Wall Incomplete
Fusion

WIT 9- 20
 Incomplete Joint Penetration

Weld metal does not extend entirely

through the joint thickness. The
term is used only for groove welds.

WIT 9- 21
 Examples of Incomplete Joint
Penetration

WIT 9- 22
 Incomplete Joint Penetration

WIT 9- 23
 Radiograph of Penetration Faults
at Bead Starts and Stops

WIT 9- 24
 Partial Joint Penetration

Penetration not required to be

complete by designer

WIT 9- 25
 Inclusions

Entrapped foreign solid material

such as slag, flux, tungsten or oxide

WIT 9- 26
 Surface Slag Inclusion

WIT 9- 27
 Radiograph of Elongated
Slag Inclusions

WIT 9- 28
 Radiograph of Tungsten Inclusions

WIT 9- 29
 Porosity

Cavity type discontinuities formed by gas

entrapped during weld metal solidification

WIT 9- 30
 Scattered Surface Porosity

WIT 9- 31
 Linear Surface Porosity with
Connecting Crack

WIT 9- 32