Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Sciences: Part 2
Anthropology and Sociology
Prepared by:
Unilianilism is the view that all forms of society developed in a single predictable
pattern
Non-Linial Theorists view society as evolving in different ways like the ideas of
diffusionism.
Society was viewed a natural phenomena, evolving and observing laws and patterns in
its development.
The Transcendence of Anthropology
Social Sciences
Religion
Language
Culture
ANTHROPOLOGY
Methods of Anthropology
Ethnography is a qualitative research method used in social sciences
like anthropology where researchers immerse themselves in other cultures
for the purpose of recording information about their lifestyle for
comparative research. When unilineal cultural evolution was a popular
theoretical framework in the social sciences, it justified colonial enterprises
that saw themselves as helping so-called "primitive" cultures to more
quickly "advance." Such progressivist views began to be refuted in
anthropology when Franz Boas explained that every culture is a result of
particular historical circumstances, thus all cultures cannot and should not
be expected to follow the same trajectory.
Field Work
Observational Methods
Interviews and Questionnaires
Participant Observation
Reflexivity
Life history
Participatory approach
Participatory action research
What is Applied Anthropology?
Applied Anthropology refers to the application of anthropological
data, perspectives, theory, and methods to identify, assess, and solve
social problems.
Applied anthropologists work for groups that promote, manage, and
assess programs aimed at influencing human social conditions.
Types of Applied Anthropology
Applied anthropologist come from all four subfields
Biological anthropologists work in public health, nutrition, genetic
counseling, substance abuse, epidemiology, aging, mental illness, and
forensics.
Applied archaeologists locate, study, and preserve prehistoric and
historic sites threatened by development (Cultural Resource
Management).
More Applied Anthropology
Cultural anthropologists work with social workers, businesspeople,
advertising professionals, factory workers, medical professionals,
school personnel, and economic development experts.
Linguistic anthropologists frequently work with schools in districts
with various languages.
What is the Role of the Applied
Anthropologist?
Three views:
The Ivory Tower
The Schizoid
The Advocate
What is the Role of the Applied
Anthropologist?
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Institutions are the principal social
structures that organize, direct, and
execute the essential tasks of living.
25
Some institutions are:
Family,
Educational,
Economic,
Religion,
Law,
Political Systems
26
Sociological Imagination
Related to
society?
Marx believed that capitalism was creating class conflict and social
inequality between the bourgeoisie, who owned the means of
production (money, factories, natural resources, land), and the
proletariat, who were the workers.
Max Weber was also interested in the shift from traditional society to
the modern industrial society.
Conflict Theory sees social conflict as the basis of society and social
change, and emphasizes a materialist view of society, a critical view of
the status quo, and a dynamic model of historical change, emerged
from the writings of Marx.
Are these the same? Do they have the same meaning? What do you
think of when you see each?