LESSON 1

COMPUTER CONCEPTS
 COMPUTER
IT IS A ELECTRONIC DEVICE THAT
USES STORED DATA AND
INSTRUCTION TO GENERATE
INFORMATION.
 INFORMATION AND DATA
INFORMATION
- IT REFERS TO PROCESSED DATA.
DATA
- IT IS THE UNPROCESSED FACTS
 CHARACTERISTICS OF
COMPUTER
1. IT IS ELECTRONIC
2. IT IS A MACHINE
3. IT HAS MEMORY
4. IT CAN MANIPULATE DATA
5. IT IS AUTOMATIC
6. IT HAS ARITHMETIC AND LOGICAL
FUNCTION
COMPUTER CAPABILITIES
COMPUTER PERMIT EASY ACCESS
TO LARGE VOLUMES OF DATA.
COMPUTER PERFORM LENGTHY
COMPUTATION QUICKLY AND
ACCURATELY.
COMPUTER IDENTIFY
RELATIONSHIPS AMONG LARGE
AMOUNT OF DATA.
COMPUTER CAPABILITIES
COMPUTER-CONTROLLED DEVICES
GO WHERE PEOPLE CANNOT.

COMPUTERS CAN STIPULATE

HUMAN PERFORMANCE.
 COMPUTER LIMITATIONS
COMPUTER CANNOT OPERATE
INDEPENDENTLY
COMPUTER CANNOT ABLE TO
DERIVE MEANINGS FROM OBJECT
COMPUTERS CAN DETECT ERRORS
BUT CANNOT CORRECT THEM.
COMPUTERS ARE SUBJECT TO
ACCASIONAL BREAKDOWN.
 COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

1. Business
- ATM, Credit cards, buying through PCs
2. Medicine and Health Care
- Diagnosis illnesses, patients monitoring, ultrasound,
computerized axial tomography (CAT), Magnetic
Resonance imaging (MRI)
3. Education
- Calculus published by broderbund software, makes
students less intimidated by a computer correcting their
work
 COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

4. Science and Technology

Prototyping aircraft/spacecraft
Satelites
5. Engineering and Architecture
Computer-Aided Design Machine
6. Manufacturing
Robotics(CAM) Computer Aided Manufacturing
CIM-Computer integrated Manufacturing
 COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

7. Legal Practice
Lawyers uses databases in keeping records
10. Law Enforcement
DNA- Identifies a person from traces
of blood,skin or hair
MDT- Mobile Data terminals
10. Government
Bureau of Census
SSS/GSIS
BIR
 COMPUTER APPLICATIONS

10. Music
MDI-Musical Interface Digital Interface
11. Theater and Film
ILM-(Industrial Light and Magic)
10. Computer at home
Intelligent House-House with an
Environment fully controlled and
maintained by a computer.
 HISTORICAL Development of Computer
Year Invention Inventor
8500 B.C. Bone carved Ancient man
2500 B.C. Abacus Babylonians
500 B.C. Modern language theory Panini
300 B.C. Binary Numbers system Pingala
1492 13 digit cog-wheeled Leonardo Da
adder vinci
1617 Napier`s bone John Napier

1623 Calculating clock Wilhelm

Schickard
Date Invention Inventor

1630 Oughtreds slide rule William

Oughtreds
1642 Pascaline Blaise Pascal
1671 Leibnitz Calculatior Gottfried
Leibnits
1801 Jacquard Loom Joseph marie
Jacquard
1822 Babbages difference & Charles
analytical engine Babbages
1838 Morse code Samuel Morse
1843 Lovelace Lady Ada Byron
1890 Holleriths punch-card Herman
machine holleriths
Date Invention Inventor

1931 Mark 1 Howard Aiken

1936 Turing machine / Z1 Allan turing/ konrad Zuse

1937 ABC (ATANASOFF-BERRY DR. JOHN ATANASOFF

COMPUTER) and CLIFFORD BERRY

1938 Z-3 Konrad Zuse

1940 CnC George Stibitz

1943 Turing colussus Allan Turing

1946 ELECTRONIC NUMERICAL JOHN

INTEGRATOR AND MAUCHLY AND
CALCULATOR (ENIAC) JOHN ECKERT

1948 William tube / SSEC Frederick William / IBM

Date Invention Inventor

1949 ELECTRONIC DELAYED MAURICE WIKES

STORAGE AUTOMATIC
COMPUTER (EDSAC)
1951 ELECTRONIC DISCRETE JOHN VON
VARIABLE AUTOMATIC NEUMANN /
COMPUTER (EDVAC) JOHN
/ UNIVERSAL AUTOMATIC ECKERT AND
COMPUTER (UNIVAC 1) JOHN
MAUCHLY
1952 IBM 701 IBM group

1955 Transistor Computer Bell labs

1958 Silicon Chip Jack Kilby

1962 PDP-1 1st mini computer / Digital / steve russell

Spacewar computer game & MIT
Date Invention Inventor

1964 IBM- System360 / Computer IBM / Douglas

mouse windows Engelbart
1968 PDP-8 DEC

1969 Computer Network ARPANET

1971 4-BIT 4004 Microcomputer Ted hoff / Allan

with microprocessor / Floppy Shugart
Disk
1972 8080 Microprocessor Intel

1973 Xerox Palo Alto Xerox Palo Alto

Research Center
1975 Altair 8800 Altair
Research
Center
1976 Apple Computer Apple Computer
Inc.
Date Invention Inventor

1978 Wordstar software Seymour Rubenstein

& Rob Barnaby
1979 8088 Intel

1981 32-BIT chip / Intel 8086 HP / MS-dos

Microprocessor
1982 80186 / 80286 Intel

1985 Microsoft Window Microsoft

1991 World wide web Tim Berners - lee

2000 Y2K
 FIRST GENERATION COMPUTER (1951 - 1958)

THE INTRODUCTION OF UNIVERSAL AUTOMATIC COMPUTER

(UNIVAC 1) THE FIRST COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE
ELECTRONIC DIGITAL COMPUTER; DEVELOPED BY JOHN
ECKERT AND JOHN MAUCHLY.
CHARACTERISTICS:
USE OF VACUUM TUBES IN ELECTRONIC CIRCUITS.
BULKY AND SOMEWHAT FLEXIBLE.
USE MAGNETIC DRUMS AS PRIMARILY INTERNAL-STORAGE
MEDIUM.
DEMAND OF STRICT OBSERVANCE OF AIR CONDITIONING
REQUIREMENTS
RELATIVELY UNRELIABLE DUE TO ELECTRIC CURRENT
FLUCTUATIONS AND TUBE FAILURE.
LIMITED MAIN STORAGE CAPACITY OF APPROXIMATELY
16000 CHARACTERS
SLOW INPUT/OUTPUT; PUNCHED CARD-ORIENTED.
 SECOND GENERATION COMPUTER (1959 - 1964)

TRANSISTORIZED CIRCUITS FORMED THE BASIS FOR THE

SECOND-GENERATION COMPUTERS.
CHARACTERISTICS:
USE OF TRANSISTOR FOR INTERNAL OPERATIONS.
GREAT REDUCTION IN SIZE AND HEAT GENERATION.
USE MAGNETIC CORE AS PRIMARY INTERNAL STORAGE
MEDIUM.
INCREASED MAIN STORAGE CAPACITY.
FASTER INPUT/OUTPUT; TAPE OIRIENTED.
INCREASED SPEED AND RELIABILITY.
PROGRAMS WERE WRITTEN IN SYMBOLIC LANGUAGE.
VERSATILITY IMPROVED BY ACCOMMODATING MULTIPLE
USERS TO ACCESS THE COMPUTER CONCURRENTLY.
 THIRD GENERATION COMPUTER (1964 - 1970)

TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN ELECTRONICS AND SOLID-

STATE DEVICES BROUGHT FURTHER REDUCTIONS IN
COMPUTER SIZE, EVEN GREATER RELIABILITY AND SPEED,
AND LOWER COST.
CHARACTERISTICS:
USE OF INTEGRATED CIRCUITS.
MAGNETIC CORE AND SOLID STATE MAIN STORAGE.
SMALLER SIZE AND BETTER PERFORMANCE RELIABILITY.
MORE FLEXIBILITY WITH INPUT-OUTPUT; DISK ORIENTED
EXTENSIVE USE OF HIGH LEVEL PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGE SUCH AS COBOL AND FORTRAN.
EMERGENCE OF MINICOMPUTERS.
OPERATING SYSTEM PROGRAMS CONTROLLED I/O AND
HANDLED MANY TASKS AT THE SAME TIME.
 FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTER (1970 - PRESENT)

ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS WERE FURTHER MINIATURIZED

THROUGH LARGE-SCALE INTEGRATED CIRCUITS. THIS PROCESS
PUT THOUSANDS OF TRANSISTORS ON A SINGLE SILICON CHIP.
CHARACTERISTICS:
USE OF LARGE-SCALE INTEGRATED CIRCUITS.
INCREASED STORAGE CAPACITY AND SPEED.
GREATER VERSATILITY OF INPUT/OUTPUT DEVICES
AVAILABILITY OF SOPHISTICATED PROGRAMS FOR SPECIAL
APPLICATIONS.
MULTIPROGRAMMING INCREASED.
EMERGENCE OF MINICOMPUTERS.
IMPROVEMENT OF OPERATING SYSTEMS MADE VIRTUAL
STORAGE POSSIBLE.
APPLICATION OF MATHEMATICAL MODELING AND
SIMULATION, ELECTRONIC FUND TRANSFER AND COMPUTER
AIDED INSTRUCTIONS.
 Classification of Computers
ACCORDING TO OPERATION
Analog Computer
a type of computer that manipulates or
process data in continuous form and
normally operates by revolving.
Digital Computer
A type of computer that represents data
in actual value.
 Classification of Computers
ACCORDING TO OPERATION

Hybrid Computer
combines the characteristics of both the
analog and digital.
 Classification of Computers
ACCORDING TO FUNCTION OR PURPOSE
Special-purpose computer
a type of computer that performs
specific task
General-purpose computer
a type of computer where its tasks vary.
The physical machine remains the same
even though there is a change or shift in
operation.
 Classification of Computers
ACCORDING TO SIZE AND SPEED
Super Computer
are the largest, fastest, most powerful
and most expensive computers made.
Mainframe Computer
are large, fast, and fairly expensive
computers, commonly used by businesses
to accommodate extremely large amounts
of data.
 Classification of Computers
ACCORDING TO SIZE AND SPEED
Minicomputer/mid-range computer/medium
sized computer
called mini computer because if its
small size compared to other computers
at that time.
Workstation
is a powerful RISC-based computer dasigned
to meet the computing needs of engineers,
architects, and other professionals.
 Classification of Computers
ACCORDING TO SIZE AND SPEED
Microcomputer/Personal computer
called minicomputer because of its
small size compared to other computers at
that time.