PRESENTATION ON LATHE MACHINE

PRINCIPLE OF LATHE
Lathe is a machine, which is used to remove
metal from the workpiece to required shape
and size.
COMPONENTS OF LATHE
 TYPES OF LATHES
Speed Lathe :

It is the simplest type lathe. It is mainly used for metal

spinning, polishing etc.
Bench Lathe :
It is small sized engine lathe mounted on bench. It is used
for turning small and light weight workpiece.
Tool Room Lathe :
It is used for production of small tools, gauges, fixtures and
accurate parts in tool room.
Turret Lathe :
These lathes are used in mass production and for heavy
duty workpieces.
Capsten Lathe :
These lathes are used in mass production used for light
duty workpieces.
Special Purpose Lathe :
These lathes are modification of engine lathes
developed for machining special types of workpices.
Automatic Lathe
Engine Lathe
Tracer Lathe
Computer Controlled lathe
Swiss Type Automatic Lathe
Duplicating Lathe
COMPUTER NUMERICALLY CONTROLLED LATHE
Computer Numerical Controls (CNC)

Equipped with one or more turrets

Each turret is equipped with a variety of tools

Performs several operations on different surfaces of the workpiece

 TURRET LATHE
Capable of performing multiple
cutting operations on the
same workpiece
Turning
Boring
Drilling
Thread cutting
Facing
Turret lathes are very versatile
Types of turret lathes
Ram-type: ram slides in a
separate base on the
saddle
Saddle type:
more heavily
constructed
Used to machine large
workpeiceces
ENGINE LATHE
BENCH LATHE AUTOMATIC LATHE
PARTS OF LATHE
Bed : Supports all major components
Carriage: Slides along the ways and consists of the cross-slide,
tool post, apron
Headstock : Holds the jaws for the work piece, supplies power to
the jaws and has various drive speeds
Tailstock : Supports the other end of the workpiece
Feed Rod and Lead Screw : Feed rod is powered by a set of
gears from the headstock
LATHE BED
Heavy, rugged
casting
Made to support
working parts of
lathe
On top section
are machined
ways
Guide and align
major parts of
lathe
HEADSTOCK
Clamped on left-hand end

of bed
Headstock spindle

Hollow cylindrical shaft

supported by bearings
Provides drive through

gears to work-holding
devices
CARRIAGE
Used to move cutting

tool along lathe bed

Consists of three

main parts
Saddle

Cross-slide

Apron
APRON
TAILSTOCK

16
ACCESSORIES
Chucks : Mandrels :

Three jaw chuck Plain mandrel

Four jaw chuck Stepped mandrel

Collet chuck Collared mandrel

Centres: Screwed mandrel

Live centre

Dead centre

Tipped centre

Ball centre
 ACCESSORIES
Chucks :

Three Jaw Chuck (Self Centering Chuck) :

This chuck is used to hold circular

workpiece and is available in sizes from

100mm to 600 mm.

Four Jaw Chuck (Independent Chuck) :

It is used to hold rectangular,

sqare and irregular shaped workpieces .
Collet Chuck :

Pull poerating rod

Push poerating rod

It is ideal for holding tube and thin

walled workpieces.
Centres:

Live Centre

Dead Centre

Ball Centre

Pipe Centre

Half Centre

Tipped Centre
Mandrels :

Plain Mandrel

Collared Mandrel

Screwed Mnadrel

Stepped Mandrel
LATHE OPERATIONS
LATHE OPERATIONS
Turing Grooving
Facing Forming
Boring Reaming
Drilling Undercutting
Taper Thread cutting
Camfering Knurling
BORING

Boring produces circular internal profiles in hollow workpieces

Boring mills are used for large workpieces
Holes can be bored up to 20M if needed
See fig. 22.20
Machines are available with a variety of features
Horizontal boring machines
Jig borers
TURNING
Forces in turning
Cutting force: acts downward on the tool tip
Thrust force: acts in the longitudinal direction
Radial force: acts in the radial direction

Roughing and Finishing Cuts

Rough cut: high speed cut with little regard for dimensional
tolerance
Finishing cut: lower feed rate and depth of cut
Tool Materials, Feeds, and Cutting Speeds
Cutting Fluids
CONCEPT OF SPEED, FEED AND DEPTH OF CUT
Cutting speed=dn mm/min
1000
Feed :
It is expressed in mm/rev
Depth of cut :
t=D-d mm
2
SINGLE POINT CUTTING TOOL GEOMETRY

Clearance
Rake
End cutting
edge angle
Side cutting
edge angle