Introduction to 2G Drive Test

Prepared By: Presented By:

Eng. Ahmed Mountasir Eng. Waleed Elsafoury
Antenna Azimuth: Direction of the antenna

Antenna Tilting: tilting of the antenna vertical beam.

Types of tilting:
- No Tilt
- Down Tilt
- Up Tilt
Types of Tilting:
1) Mechanical Tilting 2)Electrical Tilting:
1) Mechanical tilting

-With mechanical down tilting, the main beam will be down tilted but the
back lobe will be up tilted that make interference.

- With mechanical tilting you cant change the tilt of one band alone.

2) Electrical tilting

- With electrical down tilting, the main beam will be down tilted but the
back lobe will also be down tilted so back lobe interference decreased.

- With electrical tilting you can change the tilt of any band alone
- Every alive Network needs to be under continues control to
maintain/improve the performance.

- Optimization is basically the only way to keep track of the network

by looking deep into statistics and collecting/analyzing drive test
data.

- Drive test helps operation and maintenance for troubleshooting

purposes.
Single Site Verification test.

Cluster Test.

Main Road Test.

Benchmarking Test

SWAP test.
 Single Site Verification Test.
- Checking the handover between the sectors of the site.
- Checking the handover (in & out) with the neighbors of the site.
- Checking the coverage of each sector.
- Checking cross feeder.
-Checking the capability to access on the internet
-Checking the capability to download files to view the GPRS rate.
(Optional)
Example on Single Site Verification Test
 Cluster Test.
For checking retainability the command sequence is adjusted as
follow:
- infinity number of minutes.
-call wait 10 to 15 sec.

For checking accessibility the command sequence is adjusted as

follow:
- 2 minutes per call.
- call wait 10 to 15 sec.
Example on cluster Drive Test (Aswan City)
 Benchmarking Test.

This test is mainly used to compare between the quality of service

of each operator.
Example on Benchmarking Drive Test (Aswan international road)
 Main Roads Drive Test.

This test is mainly used to Avoid VIP complains and enhance the
service in the important areas.
Example on Main Roads Drive Test (26th July Bridge)
 SWAP Test.

This test is mainly used in case of SWAP from vendor to vendor for
one operator.
Example on SWAP Test
Time: Computer system time Cell Name: Serving cell name
CGI: Cell global identity Cell GPRS support: Yes or No
[MCC MNC , LAC , CI ]
- MCC: Mobile Country Code Band: 900 / 900E / 1800
- MNC: Mobile network Code
- LAC: Location Area code BCCH ARFCN: BCCH frequency
- CI: Cell Identity
TCH ARFCN: The Frequency that carry Traffic only.
BSIC: Base Station Identity Code
Channel Type: BCCH or TCH
Mode: idle / dedicated
Time Slot: Current time slot
Channel Codec: FR: Full rate HR: Half rate AMR: adaptive multi rate
Ciphering Algorithm: A5/1 for example.
Sub Channel Number: SDCCH is divided into 8 sub channels
Hopping Channel: Yes / No on the cell level.
Hopping Frequencies: Frequencies allocated in the hopping group.
MAIO (Mobile Allocation Index offset): On which frequencies call will start.
Cell Name: Name of the serving cell and neighbor cells
BSIC: Base Station Identity Code BSIC
ARFCN: Absolute Radio Frequency Number >> BCCH Carrier of the cell
Rx lev: Received signal strength measured by the MS (dbm).
Rx lev: Measured signal strength
Rx Qual: Voice quality (0 > 7) depend on BER (bit error rate)
FER (Frame Error Rate): Percentage of frames being dropped
BER actual: (Number of bit errors / Number of bit transmitted)
SQI: Speech Quality Index
MS Power control level: Power control, depend on network design.
DTX: Discontinuous Transmission.
TA: Timing advance (0 > 63)
ARFCN: Traffic carriers.
Rx Lev: measured signal strength of
each carrier.
C/I: Carrier to Interference ration
Latitude & Longitude coordinates
Altitude The height from the sea
surface
Satellites No. of served Satellites
Speed The velocity of the car
It includes events such as: Call attempt, call established, call end,
handover, dropped call, and blocked call.
1) At first you should define the mobile to computer as a hardware
2) Then you will see the mobile on TEMS with this shape in the Equipment configuration
window

3) After that press the green box to connect all the tools

4) After that you will hear (Mobile Connected & Mobile connected & GPS Connected), you
will find that the Equipment configuration window converted to this window
We can make RAT control to mobile to force it on any selected band
(UMTS, GSM)
Also we can force the mobile from this window to lock on GSM 900 or GSM
1800 (DCS)
From this window you can make the mobile make a short calls with it self
with selected duration and selected waiting time

Adjust the command sequence according to the DT needs as shown

1. Cross sector
2. Cross feeder
3. HO Failures.
4. Missing Neighbors.
5. Dropped calls.
6. Blocked calls.
7. Overshooting
8. Hardware problem
 To understand any problem follow these steps
What is the problem?
Reasons of the problem.
Effects of the problem.
How to solve it?
Which TEMS windows to use?
 Cross Sector
There are 3 types of Cross sector
1- GSM cross sector
2- DCS cross sector
3- Total cross sector (GSM & DCS) cross sector
 Cross Sector

Tx/Rx Tx/Rx Tx/Rx

Tx/Rx
Rx Rx
Rx Rx

This is the normal connection

 Cross Sector

S2
S1

Tx/Rx Tx/Rx Tx/Rx

Tx/Rx
Rx Rx
Rx Rx

GSM & DCS cross (Total cross)

 Cross Sector

DCS cross
 Cross Sector

GSM cross
 Cross Sector causes
Fault capacity planning
Interference
Missed neighbors
 Cross Sector (before solving)
 Cross Sector (after solving)
 Cross feeder
RX with other sector RX
TX/RX with other sector RX
TX/RX with other sector TX/RX
 Cross feeder

Tx/Rx Tx/Rx
Rx Rx

GSM or DCS GSM or DCS

RX with other sector RX

 RX with other sector RX Cross Feeder causes
Bad signal level at uplink
 Cross feeder

Rx Tx/Rx
Tx/Rx Rx

GSM or DCS GSM or DCS

TX/RX with other sector RX

 TX/RX with other sector RX Cross Sector causes
Fault capacity planning
Interference
Missed neighbors
 Cross feeder

Rx Tx/Rx Tx/Rx Rx

GSM or DCS GSM or DCS

TX/RX with other sector TX/RX

 TX/RX with other sector TX/RX Cross Sector causes
Fault capacity planning
Interference
Missed neighbors
Bad quality in uplink
EX: GSM cross feeder before solving
EX: GSM cross feeder after solving
 Missing Neighbors
 Missing Neighbors causes

Fault capacity planning

Bad level and may cause call drop
HO Failure
Interference on Target Cell.

Interference on Serving Cell.

Bad Rxlev on Target Cell.

Bad Rxlev on Serving Cell.

HO failure due to Bad quality on the target cell (Co-channel interference)
HO failure due to Bad quality on the target cell (Adjacent-channel interference)
HO failure due to Bad quality on the serving cell
HO failure due to Bad Rxlev on the serving cell
Dropped call reasons.
Delayed HO Congestion or wrong HO parameter definition.

HO Failure.

Bad Quality.

Missing neighbor (Bad Rx level).

Transmission problem (Not RF problem)

Dropped call due to delayed HO
Dropped call due HO failure & Bad quality
Dropped call due to Missing neighbor (Bad Rx level).
Dropped call due to Missing neighbor (Bad Rx level).
Dropped call due to Transmission problem (Not RF problem)
Blocked call reasons.
No available TCH

No available SDCCH

Bad Rxlev.

Bad Quality
Blocked call due to No traffic channel Assignment (No TCH)
Blocked call due to No Immediate Assignment (No SDCCH)
Blocked call due to Bad Rxlev & Bad Qual
Overshooting cell
 Overshooting causes
Fault capacity planning
Interference
Hardware problem