HISTOLOGI

Disusun Oleh : Dr.H.R.KOENTJORO SOELEMAN

INTRODUCTION :
HISTOS ( GREEK ) : TISSUE ( JARINGAN )
LOGIA : KNOWLEDGE
( ILMU PENGETAHUAN )
ANATOMI
1. GROOSS ANATOMY
MEMPELAJARI STRUKTUR ANIMAL BODY DENGAN
MEMPELAJARI YANG TAMPAK DENGAN MATA BIASA.
2. MICROSCOPIC ANATOMI :
MEMPELAJARI STRUKTUR ANIMAL BODY DENGAN
MENGGUNAKAN MICROSCOPE .
HISTOLOGI :
1. HISTOLOGI 1
CYTOLOGY : MEMPELAJARI SEL
HISTOLOGI : MEMPELAJARI JARINGAN
2. HISTOLOGI 2
ORGANOLOGY : MEMPELAJARI ORGAN
TISSUE TERDIRI DARI

CELLS
INTERCELLULAR SUBSTANCES
BODY FLUIDS
PRIMARY TISSUE
EPITHELIAL TISSUE
CONECTIVE TISSUE
MUSCLE TISSUE
NERVOUS TISSUE
METHODOLOGY
1. TIPE MICROSCOPE YANG DIPAKAI
2, PREPARATION OF THE TISSUE ATAU ORGAN YANG
DAPAT DIPERIKSA DENGAN MICROSCOPE
MICROSCOPY
KLASIFIKASI TERGANTUNG PADA JENIS SUMBER SINAR
YANG DI PAKAI :
1. VISIBLE LIGHT :
LIGHT MICROSCOPE ( L. M )
POLARIZATION MICROSCOPE
PHASE CONTRAST MICROSCOPE
INTERFERENCE MICROSCOPE
DARK FIELD MICROSCOPE
2. NON VISIBLE LIGHT :
ULTRA VIOLET MICROSCOPE
ELECTRON MICROSCOPE
LIGHT MICROSCOPE ( L. M)

MENGGUNAKAN :
a) OCULAR LENS ( 10 x )
b) OBJECTIVE LENS 10 x 25 x 40 X
100 x ( OIL IMERSION OBJECTIVE )
c) CONDENSATOR LENS
MAXIMAL MAGNIFICATION : 1500 x
ELECTRON MICROSCOPE ( E. M )

2 JENIS :
1. TRANSMISSION EM.
2. SCANNING EM.
HASIL NYA DISEBUT :
FINE STRUCTURE ATAU
ULTRA STRUCTUR E : GOLGI APPARATUS
MAXIMAL MAGNIFICATION: 400.000 x MITICHONDARIA
CENTRIOLE
ENDOPLASMIC
RETICULUM
LYSOSOME
PREPARATION OF TISSUE
METHODS DIRECT OBSERVATION OF LIVING
1.
CELLS
2. METHODS EMPLOYED WITH DEAD CELLS
( FIXED OR PRESERVED ), PERMANENT FIXED
AND STAIN PREPARATION OF TISSUES AND
ORGANS .
OBSERVATION OF LIVING TISSUES :
UNICELLULAR ORGANISM : FREE CELLS
a) TISSUE CULTURE
b) HUMAN BLOODS CELLS
IN THIN FILM
c) STAINING METHODS TO LIVING ANIMAL OR TO
SURVIVING CELLS :
1. VITAL STAINING
DYES THAT NOT HARMFUL ARE INJECTED INTO
THE LIVING ANIMAL
CONTOH : TRYPAN BLUE : UNTUK MELIHAT
AKTIVITAS PHOGOCYTOSIS DARI MACROPHAGE
.
2. SUPRAVITAL STAINING
MENAMBAHKAN BAHAN CAT KE MEDIUM DARI
CEL YANG SEBELUMNYA DIAMBIL DARI
ORGANISME .
CONTOH ;
MITOCHONDRIA DENGAN JENIS GREEN
LYSOSOMES DENGAN NEUTRAL RED
NERVE FIBERS DENGAN METHYLENE BLUE
PREPARATION OF DEAD TISSUES

1. REMOVE OF THE SPECIMEN

DIAMBIL SESUDAH BINATANG MATI
AS SOON AS POSSIBLE
VERY SHARP KNIFE

2. FIXATION ;
TUJUAN :
TO PRESERVE PROTOPLASMA
TO AVOID TISSUE DIGESTION
BY ENZYMES ( AUTOLYSIS )
FIXATION AGENTS

FORMALIN
ALCOHOL
MERCURIC BICHLORIDE
PICRID ACID , AGETIL ACID ,OSMIC ACID \
BOUINS FLUID: ZENKERS FLUID

3. DEHIDRATION
BY PASSING THROUGH
INCREASING STRENGHT OF
ETHYL .ALCOHOL
( MENCUCI FIXATIVE AGENT )
4. CLEARING

TUJUAN :
WASHED ,TO REMOVE
EXCESS DEHYDRATED AGENT
CLARING AGENT :
XYLOL
CHLOROFORM
BENSENE
5. EMBEDDING

TUJUAN :
TO PROVIDE RIGID SUPPORT TO THE
TISSUE BLOCK MAY BE CUT INTO THIN
SECTION
EMBEDDING AGENTS :
MELTED PARAFFIN OR CELOIDIN
THE TISSUE IS INFILTRATED WITH THE
EMBEDDING AGENTSTISSUE BLOCK
SECTIONED WITH MICROTOME
6. SECTIONING
THE HARDENED PARAFFIN BLOCK
CONTAINING
THE EMBEDDED TISSUE IS TRIMMED,INTO
THE FORM OF BLOCK MOUNTED ON A
MICROTOME.
CUT BY THE STEEL BLADE OF THE MICRO
TOME TO A THICKNESS: 3- 10 um
EACH SECTION IS TRANSFERED TO A
GLASS ( MICROSCOPIC SLIDE )
7. STAINING

TUJUAN :
TO ENHANCE NATURAL CONTRAST AND TO
MAKE MORE EVIDENT VARIOUS CELL AND
TISSUE COMPONENS.
REMOVE THE PARAFFINE SECTION BY
PLACING IN PARAFFIN SOLVENT,( XYLOL
OR TOLUOL )
PRIOR TO STAINING ,THE SECTIONS IS
PASSED THROUGH DESCENDING
STRENGTHS OF ALCOHOL .
8. MOUNTING

EXCESS DYE IS REMOVED BY

WASHING
WITH WATER OR ALCOHOL
REMOVAL OF CLEARING AGENTS BY
A DROP OF CANADA BALSAM
COVERED WITH A COVERING SLIP
STAINS

1. BASOPHIL : JARINGAN ATAU SEL

YANG DAPAT MENYERAP BASIC
DYE
CONTOH : NUCLEIL ACID OF THE
NUCLEUS RNA
2. ACIDOPHIL: JARINGAN / SEL YANG
DAPAT MENYERAP ACID DYE
BASIC DYE

HAEMATOXYLINE
IRON HAEMATOXYLINE
TOLUIDINE BLUE
METHYLENE BLUE
METHYL GREEN
ACIDIL DYES

EOSIN
PICRIC ACID
ANILINE BLUE
ORANGE G
ACID FUCHSIN
TRYPAN BLUE
TRYPAN RED
NON TOXIC DYES

BRILIANT CRESYL BLUE

NEUTRAL RED
JANUS GREEN

STAIN METACHORMATICALLY :
WILL TAKE ON A COLOR DIFFERENT
FROM THAT OF THE DYE EMPLOYED
METACHORMATICALLY STAINING

MUCIN
MATRIX OF CARTILAGE
GRANULES OF MAST CELLS
COMBINATION :
BASIC DYE AND ACID DYE
HEMATOXYLIN AND EOSIN ( HE )
NUCCLEAR STRUCTURE : BLUE OR DARK
PURPLE ALL CYTOPLASMIC STRUCTURE
AND INTER CELLULAR SUBTANCES :
PINK
SPECIAL STAINING

1. ELASTIC FIBER: VvG

ORCEIN
RESORCIN FUCHSIN
2. RETICULAR FIBER: IMPREGNASI Ag
3. LEMAK SUDAN III
INDIAN INK
OSMIC ACID
THE EXAMINATION AND INTERPRETATION OF
SECTIONS
ONLY TWO DIMENSIONS ( NO DEPTH )
SEVERAL SECTIONS TAKES IN DEFFERENT
PLANES
ARTIFACTS
NOT ALL SECTION ARE PERFECT
1. SHRINKAGE
2. PRECIPITATES
3. FOLDS AND WRINGKLES
4. DEFECT IN THE ,MICROTOME KNIFE
5. ROUGH HANDLING
MUTILATION OF THE TISSUE
6. POST MORTEM DEGENERATION
DIGESTION BY EMZIM PRESENT IN THE
TISSUE