STATISTICAL PROCESS

CONTROL CHARTS
INTEGRANTES:
Luca Jimena Baiza Garca 201404379
Alejandro de Len Sandoval 201020279
Osbin Leonel Miranda Carpio 201212404
Jorge Estuardo Alonzo 200915485
Evi Rivera Villatoro 200920500
Walter Villalta Rodriguez 201325527
CONTROL CHART

Control charts or process-behavior charts, are a statistical process

control tools used to determine if a manufacturing or business process is
in a state of control. This statistical tool is used in quality control to
analyze and understand process variables, determine process
capabilities, and to monitor effects of the variables on the difference
between target and actual performance. Control charts indicate upper
and lower control limits, and often include a central line, to help detect
trend of plotted values.
 Characteristics of control charts

If a single quality characteristic has been measured or

computed from a sample, the control chart shows the value
of the quality characteristic versus the sample number or
versus time. In general, the chart contains a center line that
represents the mean value for the in-control process. Two
other horizontal lines, called the upper control limit (UCL)
and the lower control limit (LCL), are also shown on the
chart. These control limits are chosen so that almost all of
the data points will fall within these limits as long as the
process remains in-control.
Elements of a Control Chart
There are three main elements of a control chart.
1. A control chart begins with a time series graph.
2. A central line (X) is added as a visual reference for detecting shifts
or trends this is also referred to as the process location.
3. Upper and lower control limits (UCL and LCL) are computed from
available data and placed equidistant from the central line. This is
also referred to as process dispersion.
Elements of Control Charts

Control limits (CLs) ensure time is not wasted looking for

unnecessary trouble the goal of any process improvement
practitioner should be to only take action when
warranted.
 Controlled variation
Controlled variation is characterized by a stable and
consistent pattern of variation over time, and is associated
with common causes. A process operating with controlled
variation has an outcome that is predictable within the
bounds of the control limits.
 Uncontrolled variation
Uncontrolled variation is characterized by variation
that changes over time and is associated with
special causes. The outcomes of this process are
unpredictable; a customer may be satisfied or
unsatisfied given this unpredictability.
Interpreting control charts

Control charts fall into two categories: Variable and Attribute

Control Charts.
1. Variable data are data that can be measured on a continuous scale such
as a thermometer, a weighing scale, or a tape rule.
2. Attribute or discrete data are data that are counted, for example, as
good or defective, as possessing or not possessing a particular
characteristic.
How to Select a Control Chart?
 Advantages for the Companies:
1. It allows to maintain complete documentation of the events of each
batch, which helps to determine possible errors, studying in detail
specific aspects of the process, to find a perfect balance in their recipes.
2. It allows you to simulate prescriptions and procedures before
implementing them saving you money on waste of materials and use of
equipment.
3. It provides detailed reports of each procedure to comply with regulations
established by regulatory or governmental entities.
Example of application for the flow rates of
batches in the industry using control charts

Samples are Individual Batch Flowrate Moving

Number x Range
Measurements MR
Example of moving range 1 49.6
The following example illustrates 2 47.6 2.0
3 49.9 2.3
the control chart for individual 4 51.3 1.4
observations. A new process was 5 47.8 3.5
studied in order to monitor flow 6 51.2 3.4
rate. The first 10 batches resulted 7 52.6 1.4
8 52.4 0.2
in: 9 53.6 1.2
10 52.1 1.5
x=50.81 MR=1.8778
 CONCLUSIONS
1. Knowing which control chart to use in a given situation will assure accurate
monitoring of process stability. It will eliminate erroneous results and
wasted effort, focusing attention on the true opportunities for meaningful
improvement.

2. If the analysis of the control chart indicates that the process is currently
under control, then no corrections or changes to process control
parameters are needed or desired. The data of the chart, can be used to
predict the future performance of the process. If the chart indicates that
the process is not in control, is necessary apply methods to improve the
process.

3. Control charts have two general uses in an improvement of the project.

The most common application is as tool of the control of process stability.
THANK YOU!