Trigonometric

Ratios
A RATIO is a comparison of
two numbers. For example;
boys to girls
cats : dogs
right : wrong.

In Trigonometry, the
comparison is between
sides of a triangle.
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 Trig. Ratios
Name
Sine Cosine tangent
say

Abbreviation
Sin Cos Tan
Abbrev.

Ratio of an Sin = opposite side cos = adjacent side tan =opposite side
angle
hypotenuse hypotenuse adjacent side
measure
 Three Trigonometric Ratios
Sine abbreviated sin.
Ratio: sin = opposite side
hypotenuse
this is the symbol for
an unknown angle
measure. Its name is
Theta.

Cosine - abbreviated cos.

Ratio: cos = adjacent side Easy way to remember trig
hypotenuse ratios:

SOH CAH TOA

Tangent - abbreviated tan.
Ratio: tan = opposite side
adjacent side
 The trig functions can be summarized using the following mnemonic
device:

SOHCAHTOA

opposite opposite
Sin = Tan =
hypotenuse adjacent
adjacent
Cos =
hypotenuse
 Lets practice
Write the ratio for sin A
B Sin A = o = a
h c
c
Write the ratio for cos A
a
Cos A = a = b
h c
C b A
Write the ratio for tan A
Lets switch angles:
Tan A = o = a
Find the sin, cos and
a b
tan for Angle B:

Sin B = b Tan B = b
Cos B = a
c a
c
 Lets practice
Find an angle that has a
tangent (ratio) of 2
C
3
2cm Round your answer to the
nearest degree.

Process:
B 3cm A I want to find an ANGLE
I was given the sides (ratio)
Tangent is opp
adj
TAN-1(2/3) = 34
 Practice some more
Find tan A: Tan A = opp/adj = 12/21
24.19 12 Tan A = .5714

A 21

Find tan A:
Tan A = 8/4 = 2 8

A
4
 Using trig ratios in equations
Remember back in 1st grade when you had
to solve:
(6)12 = x (6) What did you do?
6
72 = x
Remember back in 3rd grade when x was in
the denominator?
(x)12 = 6 (x) What did you do?
x
__
12x = 6 __
x = 1/2
 Ask yourself:
In relation to the angle,
34 what pieces do I have?
15 cm Opposite and hypotenuse

Ask yourself:
What trig ratio uses
x cm Opposite and Hypotenuse?
SINE

Set up the equation and solve:

(15) Sin 34 = x (15)
15
(15)Sin 34 = x
8.39 cm = x
 Ask yourself:
In relation to the angle,
53 what pieces do I have?
12 cm
Opposite and adjacent

x cm
Ask yourself:
What trig ratio uses
Opposite and adjacent?
tangent

Set up the equation and solve:

(12)Tan 53 = x (12)
12
(12)tan 53 = x
15.92 cm = x
 Ask yourself:
x cm
In relation to the angle,
what pieces do I have?
Adjacent and hypotenuse
68
Ask yourself:
18 cm

What trig ratio uses

adjacent and hypotnuse?
cosine
Set up the equation and solve:
(x) Cos 68 = 18 (x)
x
(x)Cos
_____68 =_____
18
cos 68 cos 68
X = 18 X = 48.05 cm
cos 68
 This time, youre looking for theta.
Ask yourself:
42 cm In relation to the angle, what pieces
22 cm
do I have? Opposite and hypotenuse
Ask yourself:
What trig ratio uses opposite
and hypotenuse? sine

Set up the equation (remember youre looking for theta):

Sin = 22
42
Remember to use the inverse function
when you find theta
Sin -1 22 =
42
31.59=
 Youre still looking for theta.

22 cm Ask yourself:
What trig ratio uses the parts I
17 cm was given? tangent

Set it up, solve it, tell me what you get.

tan = 17
22

tan -1 17 =
22
37.69=
 Using trig ratios in equations
Remember back in 1st grade when you had
to solve:
(6)12 = x (6) What did you do?
6
72 = x
Remember back in 3rd grade when x was in
the denominator?
(x)12 = 6 (x) What did you do?
x
__
12x = 6 __
x = 1/2
 Write a trigonometric ratio.

Substitute the given values.

Multiply both sides by BC and divide by

tan 15.

BC 38.07 ft Simplify the expression.

 Check It Out! Example 3

Find the unknown measures. Round lengths to the

nearest hundredth and angle measures to the
nearest degree.

Since the acute angles of a right triangle are complementary, mD = 90 58

= 32.

, so EF = 14 tan 32. EF 8.75

DF2 = ED2 + EF2

DF2 = 142 + 8.752

DF 16.51
Using Right Triangles in Real Life
Space Shuttle: During its
approach to Earth, the
space shuttles glide
angle changes.
A. When the shuttles
altitude is about 15.7
miles, its horizontal
distance to the runway is
about 59 miles. What is
its glide angle? Round
your answer to the
nearest tenth.
 Solution: Glide = x altitude
15.7
miles
You know opposite
and adjacent sides. If distance to runway
you take the opposite 59 miles
and divide it by the opp.
tan x = Use correct ratio
adjacent sides, then adj.
take the inverse 15.7
tan x = Substitute values
tangent of the ratio, 59
this will yield you the Key in calculator 2nd function,
slide angle. tan 15.7/59 14.9

When the space shuttles altitude is about 15.7 miles, the

glide angle is about 14.9.
 B. Solution Glide = 19 altitude
h

When the space

shuttle is 5 miles from
distance to runway
the runway, its glide
5 miles
angle is about 19.
Find the shuttles tan 19 =
opp.
Use correct ratio
altitude at this point in adj.

its descent. Round tan 19 =

h Substitute values
your answer to the 5
nearest tenth. h 5 Isolate h by
5 tan 19 =
5 multiplying by 5.
The shuttles altitude is
1.7 h Approximate using calculator
about 1.7 miles.