SUMMER INTERNSHIP REPORT

SUBMITTED BY-

RIMJHIM RAJ SINGH

(13 IME 045)
INDRAPRASTHA POWER
GENERATION COMPANY LTD.
&
PRAGATI POWER
GENERATION
 ABOUT THE COMPANY
INDRAPRASTHA POWER GENERATION COMPANY LIMITED
Generation of electricity in Delhi started with a 2MW diesel
set in 1903.
After independence Raj Ghat Power House was installed in
1951 with 5MW capacity. In 1958 Delhi Electric supply
undertaking (DESU) came in to existence and 2 unit of
9.65MW each were installed at Raj Ghat Power House
Then in Second 5 year plan,3 diesel generating set totaling
20MW were installed in different location at Delhi.
In 1963 1st unit of 36.6 MW was installed at Indraprastha
power station a 15MW unit was installed at Raj Ghat.Delhi
Electric Supply undertaking was restructured and Delhi
vidyut Board was formed in1997.
 ABOUT THE COMPANY
INDRAPRASTHA POWER GENERATION COMPANY LIMITED

Indraprastha Power Generation Co. Ltd. came into

existence on 1st July , 2002 .
The main function of IPGCL is generation of electricity
with an installed capacity of 994.5MW capacity addition
in pipeline. its main motive is to make Delhi self sufficient
in power.
Power demand in the capital city is increasing with the
growth of population as well as living standard and
commercialization. to bridge a gap between demand and
to give e reliable supply to the capital city, Delhi
government has set up 330MW Pragati Power Project on
fast track basis.
 POWER STATIONS
UNDER IPGCL TWO POWER
STATIONS ARE IN OERATION
1) RAJGHAT POWER HOUSE: It
has installed capacity of 135MW. it
has two units of 67.5MW each and
both the units are performing well.
2) GAS TURBINE POWER
STATION: it has installed
capacity of 270MW. in total it has
6 gas turbines and 3 steam
turbines. of 30MW each. but due
to Gas restriction only 4 gas
turbines along with 2 steam
turbines are generally in operation.
 POWER STATIONS

UNDER PPCL 1 POWER STATION IS IN OPERATION:

PRAGATI POWER STATION
Installed capacity of PRAGATI POWER STATION is
330MW, It has two GAS TURBINES of 104MW each.
And one STEAM TURBINE of 122MW . And treated
sewage water is used as a source of generation of
electricity. The gas turbine works on open cycle, where
as steam turbine operates on combined cycle.
AT A GLANCE
PRAGATI POWER STATION
PLANT OVERVIEW It is a combine cycle power plant
uses both steam and gas to generate power.
These combine cycle plants produced higher energy
conversion efficiency than gas or steam alone plants. A
gas turbine generator generates electricity and waste
heat is used to make the steam to make additional
electricity via steam turbine, the last step enhances the
efficiency of electricity generator. Typically, combine
cycle power plants utilizes heat from the gas turbine to
generate steam. In combine cycle power plant ,the heat
of the gas turbine exhaust is used to generate steam by
passing it through heat recovery steam.
RESOURCES
1)FUEL - The primary fuel for the gas turbine is natural gas supplied by
GAIL through HBJ pipeline. The gas is received at GAIL terminal
installed in the vicinity of the power station. The caloric value of natural
gas being received for power generation is in the band of 8200-8500
kilocalories. The secondary fuel for gas turbine is HSD/Naptha, which is
to be used when no gas supply is available.
RAW WATER - Raw water requirement is met through sewage treated
water being drawn from sen nursing home and Delhi Gate Sewage
Treatment Plant. The demineralized water requirement for steam
generation is met up through sewage treated water by treating this
through RODM (REVERSE OSMOSIS DE-MINERALISED ) process.
The production of cooling water requirement for condenser and other
equipment is also met through STW after processing through lime
softening system . The plant effluent discharge is better than sewage
water. Infact, cleaner water is being discharged to Yamuna river,
making the project eco-friendly
TURBINES
The turbines used in the power generation are:

TWO GAS TURBINES: a turbine driven by

expanding hot gases produced by burning fuel.

ONE STEAM TURBINE: a steam turbine is a

mechanical device that extracts thermal energy from
pressurized steam, and converts it into rotary motion.
STEAM TURBINES
working of steam turbine In its simplest form the RANKINE CYCLE
works as follows:
The initial stage of working fluid is water, which at a certain temperature
is pressurized by a pump and fed to the boiler, In the boiler the
pressurized water is heated at constant pressure .Superheated steam
is expanded in the turbine,which is coupled with generator. Modern
steam power plants have steam temperature in the range of 500C to
550C at the inlet of the turbine.
OPERATION
Process 1-2: The working fluid is
pumped from low to high pressure.
Process 2-3: The high pressure liquid
enters a boiler where it is heated at
constant pressure by an external
heat source to become a dry
saturated vapor.
Process 3-3': The vapour is
superheated.
Process 3-4 and 3'-4': The dry
saturated vapor expands through a
turbine, generating power. This
decreases the temperature and
pressure of the vapor, and some
condensation may occur.
Process 4-1: The wet vapor then
enters a condenser where it is
condensed at a constant pressure to
become a saturated liquid.
GAS TURBINE
The gas turbine is a common form of heat engine working with a series
of processes consisting of compression of air taken from atmosphere,
increase of working medium temperature by constant pressure ignition
of fuel in combustion chamber, expansion of SI and IC engines in
working medium and combustion.
Gas turbine plants operate on BRAYTON CYCLE in which air is
compressed.This compressed air is heated in the combustor by burning
fuel, where plant of compressed air is used for combustion and the flue
gases produced are allowed to expand in the turbine , which is coupled
with the generator. In modern gas turbines the temp. of the exhaust
gases is in the range of 500 C to 550 C
OPERATION
The Brayton Cycle The ideal
cycle that the working fluid
undergoes in the closed loop is
the Brayton cycle. It is made
up of four internally reversible
processes:
1-2 Isentropic compression;
2-3 Constant-pressure heat
addition;
3-4 Isentropic expansion;
4-1 Constant-pressure heat
rejection.
The T-s and P-v diagrams of
an ideal Brayton cycle are
shown.
COMBINING TWO CYCLES TO IMPROVE
EFFICIENCY
We have seen in the above two cycles that exhaust is at
temperature of 500-550 C and in Rankine cycle heat is
required to generate steam at the temperature of 500-550
C. Therefore gas turbine exhaust heat can be recovered
using a waste heat recovery boiler to run a steam turbine
on Rankine cycle. If efficiency of gas turbine cycle (when
natural gas is used as fuel) is 31% and the efficiency of
Rankine cycle is 35%, then over all efficiency comes to
49%. Conventional fossil fuel fired boiler of the steam
power plant is replaced with a heat recovery steam
generator (HRSG). Exhaust gas from the gas turbine is led
to the HRSG where heat in exhaust gas is utilized to
produce steam at desired parameters as required by the
steam turbine.
AUXILIARIES IN GAS
TURBINES

A GAS TURBINE IS DIVIDED INTO FOUR COMPARTMENTS AS

FOLLOWS:
1.ACCESSORY COMPARTMENT
2.TURBINE COMPARTMENT
3.LOAD GEAR COMPARTMENT
4.GENERATOR COMPARTMENT
 ASCESSORY COMPARTMENT

The accessory compartment is divide onto he basis of supporting Accessories

:
1)STARTING MOTOR
2)ACCESSORY GEAR BOX
3)MAIN OIL PUMP
4)MAIN HYDRAULIC PUMP
5)AUXILLARY HYDRAULIC PUMP
6)AUXILIARY OIL PUMP
7)EMERGENCY OIL PUMP
8)MAIN OIL TANK
9)LUBE OIL COOLER
10) ATOMIZING AIR COMPRESSOR
11) ACCESSORY COUPLING
 STARTING MOTOR - Starting motor is 1.5MW electric motor. It takes a
command to start. It rotates at 3000rpm, when the rpm reaches 1800 the
motor stops and rotates due to inertia received from gases.

ACCESSORY GEAR BOX - Accessory gearbox is connected to MAIN OIL

PUMP , MAIN HYDRAULIC PUMP , ATOMIZING AIR COMPRESSOR.
Starting motor rotates due to which gear train rotates.

MAIN OIL PUMP - Main oil pump supply oil for film formation for bearing.
(journal bearing)
And the oil grade used is SERVO PRIME 32 supplied from IOCL.

AUXILIARY OIL PUMP - When the turbine initially starts below 1800rpm, the
rotor rotates for which we need oil film, so in order to supply oil we have
installed auxiliary oil pump. As soon as the Turbine starts auxiliary pump
comes in action so that bearing is not damaged. It is AC driven.
 EMERGENCY OIL PUMP - If auxiliary oil pump is having problem like
tripping then we use emergency oil pump,which is DC driven.(run by
battery)but we cant use emergency oil [pump when the machine is running.
When can only use it when it is stopped.

MIST ELIMINATOR - It is used to create vacuum, so that oil is automatically

transferred.
MAIN HYDRAULIC PUMP - Is supply oil to the IGV (inlet guide vanes) and
to the valves, it contains pressure of about 110kg. It is a gear driven pump.
And pressure is developed according to the speed of gear.

AUXILIARY OIL PUMP - When main oil pump is not working then Auxiliary
oil pump is under operation it generates pressure of about 115kg. And is AC
driven
MAIN OIL TANK - Main oil pump is placed in the ground or base of a plant.
Oil is stored in barrels, there are total 60 barrels in which oil is stored.
 LUBE OIL COOLER - When film is formed oil gets heated ,in order to cool
the oil we have installed lube oil cooler, which cools the oil. Eg., tube and
shell type cooler it consist of number of tubes, oil is stored in shell and water
is stored in tubes heat is exchanged oil is cooled and water gets heated up.

ATOMIZING AIR COMPRESSOR - It is connected to accessory gearbox

and provides compressed cool air.

ACCESSORY COUPLING - Is is a coupling between starting motor and

turbine.
 TURBINE COMPARTMENT
The turbine compartment consist of :
TURBINE
COMBUSTION CHAMBER
17 STAGE AXIAL FLOW COMPRESSOR
FUEL NOZZLE- PRIMARY AND SECONDARY

GENERATOR COMARTMENT CONSIST OF GENERATOR WHICH IS

COUPLED WITH THE TURBINE.
WATER TREATMENT PLANT
The steam coming out of the turbine is condensed and
the condensate is feedback to the boiler as feed water.
Some water may be lost due to blow down, leakage etc
and to make up these losses additional water called
makeup water , is required to be fed to the boiler. The
source of feed water contain impurities that could lead to
scale formation. The water is passed through alum-
dosed clarifier which bonds impurities and thus removed.
Chlorine water removes the algae and bacterias from
water. These process takes place in clarifier from where
water is sent to DM palnt (De-mineralized plant)
COOLING TOWER
COOLING TOWER
Cooling towers are heat removal
devices used to transfer process
waste heat to the atmosphere.
Cooling towers may either use the
evaporation of water to remove
process heat and cool the
working fluid.
The towers vary in size from small
roof-top units to very large
hyperboloid structures and can be
up to 200 metres tall and 100
metres in diameter, or rectangular
structures that can be over 40
metres tall and 80 metres long.
Smaller towers are normally
factory-built, while larger ones are
constructed on site.