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Questions
Chapter 6

Physics, 4th Edition


James S. Walker

Copyright 2010 Pearson Education, Inc.


Question 6.1a Tension I
You tie a rope to a tree and you a) 0 N

pull on the rope with a force of b) 50 N


c) 100 N
100 N. What is the tension in
d) 150 N
the rope?
e) 200 N
Question 6.1a Tension I
You tie a rope to a tree and you a) 0 N

pull on the rope with a force of b) 50 N


c) 100 N
100 N. What is the tension in
d) 150 N
the rope?
e) 200 N

The tension in the rope is the force that the rope


feels across any section of it (or that you would
feel if you replaced a piece of the rope). Because
you are pulling with a force of 100 N, that is the
tension in the rope.
Question 6.1b Tension II

Two tug-of-war opponents each a) 0 N

pull with a force of 100 N on b) 50 N

opposite ends of a rope. What c) 100 N


d) 150 N
is the tension in the rope?
e) 200 N
Question 6.1b Tension II

Two tug-of-war opponents each a) 0 N

pull with a force of 100 N on b) 50 N

opposite ends of a rope. What c) 100 N


d) 150 N
is the tension in the rope?
e) 200 N

This is literally the identical situation to the


previous question. The tension is not 200 N !!
Whether the other end of the rope is pulled by a
person, or pulled by a tree, the tension in the rope
is still 100 N !!
Question 6.1c Tension III
a) you and your friend each pull on
You and a friend can
opposite ends of the rope
each pull with a force of
b) tie the rope to a tree, and you both
20 N. If you want to rip pull from the same end
a rope in half, what is c) it doesnt matterboth of the above
are equivalent
the best way?
d) get a large dog to bite the rope
Question 6.1c Tension III
a) you and your friend each pull on
You and a friend can
opposite ends of the rope
each pull with a force of
b) tie the rope to a tree, and you both
20 N. If you want to rip pull from the same end
a rope in half, what is c) it doesnt matterboth of the above
the best way? are equivalent

d) get a large dog to bite the rope

Take advantage of the fact that the tree can


pull with almost any force (until it falls down,
that is!). You and your friend should team up
on one end, and let the tree make the effort on
the other end.
Question 6.2 Three Blocks
Three blocks of mass 3m, 2m, and a) T1 > T2 > T3
m are connected by strings and b) T1 < T2 < T3
pulled with constant acceleration a.
c) T1 = T2 = T3
What is the relationship between
d) all tensions are zero
the tension in each of the strings?
e) tensions are random

3m T3 T2 T1
2m m
Question 6.2 Three Blocks
Three blocks of mass 3m, 2m, and a) T1 > T2 > T3
m are connected by strings and b) T1 < T2 < T3
pulled with constant acceleration a.
c) T1 = T2 = T3
What is the relationship between
d) all tensions are zero
the tension in each of the strings?
e) tensions are random

T1 pulls the whole set


of blocks along, so it
a
must be the largest.
T2 pulls the last two 3m T3 T2 T1
2m m
masses, but T3 only
pulls the last mass.
Follow-up: What is T1 in terms of m and a?
Question 6.3 Over the Edge
In which case does block m experience a) case (1)
a larger acceleration? In case (1) there b) acceleration is zero
is a 10 kg mass hanging from a rope
c) both cases are the same
and falling. In case (2) a hand is
providing a constant downward force d) depends on value of m
of 98 N. Assume massless ropes. e) case (2)

m m

a
10 kg a
F = 98 N

Case (1) Case (2)


Question 6.3 Over the Edge
In which case does block m experience a) case (1)
a larger acceleration? In case (1) there b) acceleration is zero
is a 10 kg mass hanging from a rope
c) both cases are the same
and falling. In case (2) a hand is
providing a constant downward force d) depends on value of m
of 98 N. Assume massless ropes. e) case (2)

In case (2) the tension is


m m
98 N due to the hand. In
case (1) the tension is a
10 kg a
less than 98 N because
F = 98 N
the block is accelerating
down. Only if the block Case (1) Case (2)
were at rest would the
tension be equal to 98 N.
Question 6.4 Friction
A box sits in a pickup truck a) the force from the rushing air
on a frictionless truck bed. pushed it off
When the truck accelerates b) the force of friction pushed it off
forward, the box slides off c) no net force acted on the box
the back of the truck d) truck went into reverse by accident
because:
e) none of the above
Question 6.4 Friction
A box sits in a pickup truck a) the force from the rushing air
on a frictionless truck bed. pushed it off
When the truck accelerates b) the force of friction pushed it off
forward, the box slides off c) no net force acted on the box
the back of the truck d) truck went into reverse by accident
because:
e) none of the above

Generally, the reason that the box in the truck bed would move
with the truck is due to friction between the box and the bed.
If there is no friction, there is no force to push the box along,
and it remains at rest. The truck accelerated away, essentially
leaving the box behind!!
Question 6.5 Antilock Brakes
Antilock brakes keep the
a) m k > m s so sliding friction is better
car wheels from locking
b) m k > m s so static friction is better
and skidding during a
sudden stop. Why does c) m s > m k so sliding friction is better
this help slow the car d) m s > m k so static friction is better
down? e) none of the above
Question 6.5 Antilock Brakes
Antilock brakes keep the
a) m k > m s so sliding friction is better
car wheels from locking
b) m k > m s so static friction is better
and skidding during a
sudden stop. Why does c) m s > m k so sliding friction is better
this help slow the car d) m s > m k so static friction is better
down? e) none of the above

Static friction is greater than sliding friction, so


by keeping the wheels from skidding, the static
friction force will help slow the car down more
efficiently than the sliding friction that occurs
during a skid.
Question 6.6 Going Sledding
Your little sister wants a) pushing her from behind
you to give her a ride
b) pulling her from the front
on her sled. On level
c) both are equivalent
ground, what is the
easiest way to d) it is impossible to move the sled
accomplish this? e) tell her to get out and walk

2
Question 6.6 Going Sledding
Your little sister wants a) pushing her from behind
you to give her a ride
b) pulling her from the front
on her sled. On level
c) both are equivalent
ground, what is the
easiest way to d) it is impossible to move the sled
accomplish this? e) tell her to get out and walk

In case 1, the force F is pushing down


(in addition to mg), so the normal
force is larger. In case 2, the force F
is pulling up, against gravity, so the 1
normal force is lessened. Recall that
the frictional force is proportional to
the normal force. 2
Question 6.7 Will It Budge?
a) moves to the left
A box of weight 100 N is at rest
on a floor where ms = 0.4. A b) moves to the right
rope is attached to the box c) moves up
and pulled horizontally with
d) moves down
tension T = 30 N. Which way
e) the box does not move
does the box move?

Static friction T
(ms = 0.4 ) m
Question 6.7 Will It Budge?
a) moves to the left
A box of weight 100 N is at rest
on a floor where ms = 0.4. A b) moves to the right
rope is attached to the box c) moves up
and pulled horizontally with
d) moves down
tension T = 30 N. Which way
e) the box does not move
does the box move?

The static friction force has a


Static friction T
maximum of msN = 40 N. The m
(ms = 0.4 )
tension in the rope is only 30 N.
So the pulling force is not big
enough to overcome friction.

Follow-up: What happens if the tension is 35 N? What about 45 N?


Question 6.8a Sliding Down I
A box sits on a flat board. a) component of the gravity force
You lift one end of the parallel to the plane increased
board, making an angle b) coefficient of static friction
with the floor. As you decreased
increase the angle, the c) normal force exerted by the board
box will eventually begin decreased
to slide down. Why? d) both #1 and #3
e) all of #1, #2, and #3

Normal

Net Force
Weight
Question 6.8a Sliding Down I
A box sits on a flat board. a) component of the gravity force
parallel to the plane increased
You lift one end of the
board, making an angle b) coefficient of static friction
with the floor. As you decreased
increase the angle, the c) normal force exerted by the board
box will eventually begin decreased
to slide down. Why? d) both #1 and #3
e) all of #1, #2, and #3

As the angle increases, the component of


weight parallel to the plane increases and
Normal
the component perpendicular to the plane
decreases (and so does the normal force).
Because friction depends on normal force, Net Force
we see that the friction force gets smaller
and the force pulling the box down the
Weight
plane gets bigger.
Question 6.8b Sliding Down II
A mass m is placed on an a) not move at all
inclined plane (m > 0) and
b) slide a bit, slow down, then stop
slides down the plane with
constant speed. If a similar c) accelerate down the incline
block (same m) of mass 2m d) slide down at constant speed
were placed on the same e) slide up at constant speed
incline, it would:

m
Question 6.8b Sliding Down II
A mass m is placed on an a) not move at all
inclined plane (m > 0) and
b) slide a bit, slow down, then stop
slides down the plane with
constant speed. If a similar c) accelerate down the incline
block (same m) of mass 2m d) slide down at constant speed
were placed on the same e) slide up at constant speed
incline, it would:

N
The component of gravity acting down f
the plane is double for 2m. However,
the normal force (and hence the friction
Wy
force) is also double (the same factor!). q
W
This means the two forces still cancel
Wx
q
to give a net force of zero.
Question 6.9 Tetherball
In the game of tetherball, a) toward the top of the pole

the struck ball whirls b) toward the ground


c) along the horizontal component of the
around a pole. In what
tension force
direction does the net d) along the vertical component of the
force on the ball point? tension force
e) tangential to the circle

W
Question 6.9 Tetherball
In the game of tetherball, a) toward the top of the pole

the struck ball whirls b) toward the ground


c) along the horizontal component of the
around a pole. In what
tension force
direction does the net d) along the vertical component of the
force on the ball point? tension force
e) tangential to the circle

The vertical component of the


tension balances the weight. The
T
horizontal component of tension T
W
provides the centripetal force that
points toward the center of the
circle. W
Question 6.10a Around the Curve I
You are a passenger in a
car, not wearing a seat a) you are thrown to the right
belt. The car makes a b) you feel no particular change
sharp left turn. From c) you are thrown to the left
your perspective in the
d) you are thrown to the ceiling
car, what do you feel is
happening to you? e) you are thrown to the floor
Question 6.10a Around the Curve I
You are a passenger in a
car, not wearing a seat a) you are thrown to the right
belt. The car makes a b) you feel no particular change
sharp left turn. From c) you are thrown to the left
your perspective in the
d) you are thrown to the ceiling
car, what do you feel is
happening to you? e) you are thrown to the floor

The passenger has the tendency


to continue moving in a straight
line. From your perspective in the
car, it feels like you are being
thrown to the right, hitting the
passenger door.
Question 6.10b Around the Curve II
a) centrifugal force is pushing you
During that sharp left turn, into the door
you found yourself hitting
b) the door is exerting a leftward
the passenger door. What
force on you
is the correct description of
what is actually happening? c) both of the above
d) neither of the above
Question 6.10b Around the Curve II
a) centrifugal force is pushing you
During that sharp left turn, into the door
you found yourself hitting
the passenger door. What b) the door is exerting a leftward
is the correct description of force on you
what is actually happening?
c) both of the above

d) neither of the above

The passenger has the tendency


to continue moving in a straight
line. There is a centripetal force,
provided by the door, that forces
the passenger into a circular path.
Question 6.10c Around the Curve III
a) cars engine is not strong enough to
You drive your dads car
keep the car from being pushed out
too fast around a curve
and the car starts to skid. b) friction between tires and road is not
What is the correct strong enough to keep car in a circle
description of this c) car is too heavy to make the turn
situation? d) a deer caused you to skid
e) none of the above
Question 6.10c Around the Curve III
a) cars engine is not strong enough to
You drive your dads car
keep the car from being pushed out
too fast around a curve
and the car starts to skid. b) friction between tires and road is not
What is the correct strong enough to keep car in a circle
description of this c) car is too heavy to make the turn
situation? d) a deer caused you to skid
e) none of the above

The friction force between tires and


road provides the centripetal force
that keeps the car moving in a circle.
If this force is too small, the car
continues in a straight line!

Follow-up: What could be done to


the road or car to prevent skidding?
Question 6.11 Missing Link

A Ping-Pong ball is shot into a


circular tube that is lying flat
(horizontal) on a tabletop. When
d e
the Ping-Pong ball leaves the
track, which path will it follow?
a b c
Question 6.11 Missing Link

A Ping-Pong ball is shot into a


circular tube that is lying flat
(horizontal) on a tabletop. When d e
the Ping-Pong ball leaves the
track, which path will it follow? a c
b

Once the ball leaves the tube, there is no longer


a force to keep it going in a circle. Therefore, it
simply continues in a straight line, as Newtons
First Law requires!

Follow-up: What physical force provides the centripetal force?


Question 6.12 Ball and String
a) T2 = T1
Two equal-mass rocks tied to strings are
b) T2 = T1
whirled in horizontal circles. The radius of
circle 2 is twice that of circle 1. If the period c) T2 = T1

of motion is the same for both rocks, what d) T2 = 2T1


is the tension in cord 2 compared to cord 1? e) T2 = 4T1
Question 6.12 Ball and String
a) T2 = T1
Two equal-mass rocks tied to strings are
b) T2 = T1
whirled in horizontal circles. The radius of
circle 2 is twice that of circle 1. If the period c) T2 = T1

of motion is the same for both rocks, what d) T2 = 2T1


is the tension in cord 2 compared to cord 1? e) T2 = 4T1

The centripetal force in this case is given by the


tension, so T = mv2/r. For the same period, we find
that v2 = 2v1 (and this term is squared). However, for
the denominator, we see that r2 = 2r1 which gives us
the relation T2 = 2T1.
Question 6.13 Barrel of Fun
A rider in a barrel of fun
finds herself stuck with
her back to the wall.
Which diagram correctly
shows the forces acting
on her? a b c d e
Question 6.13 Barrel of Fun
A rider in a barrel of fun
finds herself stuck with
her back to the wall.
Which diagram correctly
shows the forces acting
on her? a b c d e

The normal force of the wall on the


rider provides the centripetal force
needed to keep her going around
in a circle. The downward force of
gravity is balanced by the upward
frictional force on her, so she does
not slip vertically.

Follow-up: What happens if the rotation of the ride slows down?


Question 6.14a Going in Circles I
Youre on a Ferris wheel moving in a
a) N remains equal to mg
vertical circle. When the Ferris wheel is
b) N is smaller than mg
at rest, the normal force N exerted by
your seat is equal to your weight mg. c) N is larger than mg
How does N change at the top of the d) none of the above
Ferris wheel when you are in motion?
Question 6.14a Going in Circles I
Youre on a Ferris wheel moving in a
a) N remains equal to mg
vertical circle. When the Ferris wheel is
b) N is smaller than mg
at rest, the normal force N exerted by
your seat is equal to your weight mg. c) N is larger than mg
How does N change at the top of the d) none of the above
Ferris wheel when you are in motion?

You are in circular motion, so there


has to be a centripetal force pointing
inward. At the top, the only two
forces are mg (down) and N (up), so
N must be smaller than mg.

Follow-up: Where is N larger than mg?


Question 6.14b Going in Circles II
A skier goes over a small round hill a) Fc = N + mg

with radius R. Because she is in b) Fc = mg N


circular motion, there has to be a c) Fc = T + N mg
centripetal force. At the top of the d) Fc = N
hill, what is Fc of the skier equal to?
e) Fc = mg

R
Question 6.14b Going in Circles II
A skier goes over a small round hill a) Fc = N + mg

with radius R. Because she is in b) Fc = mg N


circular motion, there has to be a c) Fc = T + N mg
centripetal force. At the top of the d) Fc = N
hill, what is Fc of the skier equal to?
e) Fc = mg

Fc points toward the center of v


the circle (i.e., downward in
this case). The weight vector N
mg
points down and the normal
force (exerted by the hill) R
points up. The magnitude of
the net force, therefore, is
Follow-up: What happens when
Fc = mg N.
the skier goes into a small dip?
Question 6.14c Going in Circles III
You swing a ball at the end of string a) Fc = T mg
in a vertical circle. Because the ball b) Fc = T + N mg
is in circular motion there has to be a c) Fc = T + mg
centripetal force. At the top of the
d) Fc = T
balls path, what is Fc equal to?
e) Fc = mg

top
v

R
Question 6.14c Going in Circles III
You swing a ball at the end of string a) Fc = T mg
in a vertical circle. Because the ball b) Fc = T + N mg
is in circular motion there has to be a c) Fc = T + mg
centripetal force. At the top of the
d) Fc = T
balls path, what is Fc equal to?
e) Fc = mg

Fc points toward the center of the circle


(i.e., downward in this case). The v
mg T
weight vector points down and the
tension (exerted by the string) also
points down. The magnitude of the
R
net force, therefore, is Fc = T+ mg.

Follow-up: What is Fc at the bottom of the balls path?

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