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Portland Cement
By definition
a hydraulic cement
produced by pulverizing
clinker consisting
essentially of hydraulic
calcium silicates, usually
containing one or more of
the forms of calcium
sulfate as an interground
addition
Source: PCA, 2003
Raw Materials Necessary for
Portland Cement Manufacture
Must Provide the Following
Calcium
Silica
Alumina
Iron
Calcium Iron Silica Alumina Sulfate
Alkali waste Blast-furnace Calcium silicate Aluminum-ore Anhydrite
Aragonite flue dust Cement rock refuse Calcium
Calcite Clay Clay Bauxite sulfate
Cement-kiln Iron ore Fly ash Cement rock Gypsum
dust Mill scale Fullers earth Clay
Cement rock Ore washings Limestone Copper slag
Chalk Pyrite cinders Loess Fly ash
Clay Shale Marl Fullers earth
Fullers earth Ore washings Granodiorite
Limestone Quartzite Limestone
Marble Rice-hull ash Loess
Marl Sand Ore washings
Seashells Sandstone Shale
Shale Shale Slag
Slag Slag Staurolite
Traprock
Source: PCA, 2003
Traditional Manufacture of
Portland Cement
Alite
Microscopic Images of Clinker
Belite
Microscopic Images of Clinker
Aluminate
Microscopic Images of Clinker
Ferrite
Types of Portland Cement
ASTM C 150 (AASHTO M 85)
I Normal
II Moderate sulfate resistance
III High early strength
IV Low heat of hydration
V High sulfate resistance
Source: Mindess, Young, and Darwin, 2004
Source: Mindess, Young, and Darwin, 2004
Source: Mindess, Young, and Darwin, 2004
Source: Mindess, Young, and Darwin, 2004