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Pyrolysis
the thermal decomposition of biomass occurring in the absence of
oxygen.
This reaction involves molecular breakdown of larger molecules into
smaller molecules in presence of heat.
Pyro = heat. Lysis = break down.
It differs from combustion in that it occurs in the absence of air.
In practice, it is not possible to achieve a completely oxygen-free
atmosphere. Because some oxygen is present in any pyrolysis
system, a small amount of oxidation occurs.
The products of biomass pyrolysis include biochar, bio-oil and gases
including methane, hydrogen, carbon monoxide, and carbon
dioxide.
PYROLYSIS
FEEDSTOCK
Feedstock for pyrolysis
Many sources of organic matter can be used as
feedstock for pyrolysis. Suitable plant material
includes greenwaste, sawdust, waste wood,
woody weeds; and agricultural sources including
nut shells, straw, cotton trash, rice hulls, switch
grass; and animal waste including poultry litter,
dairy manure, and potentially other manures.
Pyrolysis is used as a form of thermal treatment to
reduce waste volumes of domestic refuse. Some
industrial byproducts are also suitable feedstock
including paper sludge and distillers grain.
Feedstocks for Fast Pyrolysis
Any Organic Material
Pretreatment: sorting
Qualifications: none
Fast pyrolysis
maximize the gases and oil produced.
short residence time (0.5-2 seconds)
high heating rate (100 C/s)
temperature between 400-650 C.
produce bio-oil.
Ultra-fast / flash pyrolysis
maximize the gases and oil produced.
very short residence time ( < 0.5 seconds)
very high heating rate ( >500 C/s)
temperature between 700-1000 C.
produce gas mixtures.
Conversion technology
What is conversion technology ?
The term conversion technology involve a broad range of technologies
used to convert solid waste into useful products, chemicals and fuels.
Conversion technology facilities convert energy stored in organic wastes to
chemicals and products which can be used to create energy or make new
products.
Pyrolysis being classified under thermochemical conversion.
Thermochemical Conversion :
Conversion under high temperature and pressure in the absence of oxygen.
Characterized by higher temperature and faster conversion rates.
Best suited for lower moisture feedstocks.
Flow diagram
ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES OF
PYROLYSIS
ADVANTAGES
Toxic components and pathogens are
degraded
Low emission
DISADVANTAGES
High operational and investment costs
Pyrolytic
gas
Bio-oils
Biochar
Heating rate is quite slow. At low Rapid heating rates. At
temperature ( less than 450C ) high temperature
Increase the available nutrients for (greater than 8000C )
plant growth, water retention and Made up of carbon
reduce the amount of fertilizer. monoxide, and hydrogen
Reduces methane and nitrous oxide (85%) with smaller amounts
Biochar
emissions from soil, reducing GHGs of carbon dioxide and
emissions. methane.
Used as a soil amendment to increase High calorific value used
plant growth yield. as fuel to generate
electricity/steam.
Product Used as basic chemical in
Bio-oils of petrochemical industry.
Pyrolysis Less than half energy density
of natural gas.
waste
fully
recycled
PYROLYSIS to oil
energy
no
secondary
pollution
THANK YOU
any question?