Lecture 2

TRANSMISSION LINES
Prepared by:

Lory Liza D. Bulay-og, PECE

 Distributed Constants

Transmission line constants, called distributed

constants, are spread along the entire
length of the transmission line and cannot
be distinguished separately.
The amount of inductance, capacitance, and
resistance depends on the length of the line, the
size of the conducting wires, the spacing
between the wires, and the dielectric (air or
insulating medium) between the wires.
Distributed parameter representation
Distributed Constants
Resistance, R /unit length impedance
Inductance, L H/unit length z=R+jwL (affect the current)
Conductance, G /unit length admittance
Capacitance, C F/unit length y=G+jwC (affect the voltage)

Assume: Symmetrical section

Let 1 = x 0
1
2 = Then

Let zo=characteristic impedance,
impedance measured at the input when 2 =

length is infinite Substitute z & y:
+
Thus: =
+
=
Note:
0 =?
DC condition (below RF)
1 1
= = + 2 // +
2 2
Simplify:

2 AC condition (RF condition)

1
2 = + 1 2 <<
4
Substitute z1 and z2 <<
2 1
02 = +
4
2 2 =
2 = +
4
Propagation Constant

It determines how the wave is propagated with reference to change in

magnitude and phase along the line.
= +
Where:
= attenuation constant,
= measure of the change of magnitude of current and voltage
= Nepers/ unit length (1Ne=8.686 dB)

= phase constant
= change in phase between the input and output current or voltage
= radian/unit length
Example:
Determine the distributed constants if f=769Hz, zo=600+j100, = 0.01 + 0.025
Required: R,L,C,G
Solution: Multiply

0 = = = 2 =

0 = = +
600 + 100 0.01 + 0.025
(608.28 < 9.46)(0.027 < 66.2)
Thus = (608.28 0.027)(9.46 + 66.2)
= 16.42 < 77.66 /
Convert to rectangular = +
= 3.51 + 16.04
Therefore = 3.51 /
= 16.04
2 = 16.04
16.04
= = 3.2/
2(796)
END