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CONDUCTION HEAT
TRANSFER
2.1 Principles of
Conductive Heat
Transfer
To describe the
principles of
conduction heat
transfer (solid, Objectives
liquid and gas)
Heat Conduction
Conduction is the process of thermal energy
transfer without any flow of the material
medium.
HOT COLD
(lots of vibration) (not much vibration)
Heat travels
along the rod
When the thermal energy(heat) is supplied to one end of
the rod, the particles (atom or molecules) at the hot end
vibrate vigorously.
These particles will collide with neighbouring particles,
making them vibrate as well.
- Metals are good -Less good conductors of -Very poor conductors of heat
conductors of electricity. heat than solids
- Molecules are widely
- They are also good - The interactions are weaker separated and interact rarely
conductors of heat. In than in solids and this makes compared to solids and
metals, not only do the
atoms vibrate more when energy transfer less efficient liquids
heated, but the free
electrons charge around
more as well. These transfer
the energy much faster than
just vibrations in bonds.
Good conductors of heat:
Metals such as copper, iron and silver
Steady Transient
Steady Variation
state with time or
No change time
with time independence
at any
point
within the
medium
One dimensional heat transfer
Thermal Conductivity
(Wm-1K-1) dT
q kA
dT = temperature difference (K) dx
dx = distance across section (m)
dT
q kA
Heat is conducted in the dx
direction of decreasing
temperature Hot face Cold face
Diamond 2300
Silver 429
Copper 401
Gold 317
Aluminum 237
Iron 80.2
Mercury (liq) 8.54
Glass 0.78
Brick 0.72
Water (liq) 0.63
Air (g) 0.026
Human skin 0.37
Helium (g) 0.152
Try ya!
Calculate the heat loss per square meter
of surface area for an insulating wall of a
food cold-storage room where the outside
temperature is 299.9K and the inside
temperature is 276.5K. The wall is
composed of 25.4 mm of corkboard
having a thermal conductivity of 0.0433
W/(m K)
25.4 mm on corkboard
Try lagi deh!
Calculate the heat loss per m2 of surface
area for an insulating wall composed of
25.4-mm-thick fiber insulating board,
where the inside temperature is 352.7 K
and outside temperature is 297.1 K.
Thermal conductivity of fiber insulating
board is 0.048W/m.K.
q/A = k dT/dX
= k (T1 T2)/(x)
= 0.048/0.0254(352.7-297.1)
= 105.1 W/m2
End