Water Resources Engineering

Pasig River

(Navigation/ Transportation Canal)

ALTERNATIVE DEVELOPMENT
PLANS
Ang taong hindi marunong tumingin sa pinanggalingan ay hindi
makakarating sa paroroonan.
 26 kilometers long, 50 meters wide, and an average of four to six meters deep.
includes 8 cities and 3 municipalities: Pasig City, City of Manila,
Pateros, Caloocan City, Marikina City, Pasay City, Taguig, Quezon City, San Juan,
Mandaluyong City, and Makati City.
Pasig River Basin area is 570 sq. km.

Before:
Principle means of transport, and the big warehouses and
factories were on the river as well as the houses of the rich,
including the presidential palace.
What happened?
After World War II and with population growth, road construction,
and newer business location strategies, the city center moved from
the river to other sites.
Ex. Makati- became the citys business center.
The river was abandoned, many urban poor people moved in,
factories were abandoned, and wealthy people moved off.
The became the sewer of the city rather than its lifeline.
In 2014, it was estimated that actual approx. 4.4 million of the 15
million people in Manila are living on or nearby the river and its
tributaries.
Pasig River and its connecting rivers
Clogged Tributaries before and after
- In 1930s (), deterioration of the Pasig River became noticeable.
- In 1950s, there was a drop in bathing activities in Pasig.
- In 1960s, people no longer used the river for washing clothes. Ferry
boat transport began to decline.
- In 1970s, river began to give off offensive smell, especially during
the dry season.
- In early 1980s, all fishing activity within the river has no longer
possible.
- By the early 1990s, the Pasig river was generally considered
biologically inactive.
- In 1991, Rehabilitation began with the help from the Danish aid
agency DANIDA.
- At the end of 19th century, the port of Manila was extended further
and the Pasig canalized.
 Temporary
Suspension of
activities in
Excavation and
Removal of Debris
Improvement of Bank
Protection with
combined sewer-
Underground drainage system
Tunnel/ Tideway
Tunnel

Canal Lock or
Lock Gates in
certain tributary
rivers

The following innovations

are presented in
subsequent manner.
Long ago, Pasig River was compared with abroads grand rivers
like Seine, Thames, Hudson, and Danube which are also went
through what Pasig River is going through that time. Its 2017,
those rivers are now like Pasig Rivers parallel universe. These
countries rivers have come full circle and had been resuscitated
their precious waterways.
 Without complaints, patience
andDanubeproper
Hudson
River was discipline
River once a seaof of garbage
Humanity in these countries,
Frances Seine River was once tended to be a flooded area
their precious waterways
were
Hudson River has the same fate with the others before

Resuscitated Seine River and surprised

Riverthe Thamesworld. was onceDanube a pool

River of garbage.
 Our Pasig river went into varieties of innovation and rehabilitation.
New machines were bought, buildings were built, and as development comes
new problems approaches.

Summary of proposed projects under the Pasig River Rehabilitation Program.

1. River Rehabilitation
2. Flushing of the Pasig River
3. Industrial Waste to Energy
4. Secondary Industry for Resource Recovery
5. Hazardous Hospital Waste Treatment
6. Collection of Solid Waste in Rivers
7. Upgrading of Squatter Settlements
8. Upgrading of water Quality Laboratories
9. Absorption Capacity of Manila Bay
10. Construction of Sanitation Sewerage
System (Metross II)
1. Septic Tank Maintenance Programme
2. Local Treatment of Sewage from high-income residential areas and complexes
13. Diversion of San Juan River
14. Collection of Solid Waste in Inaccessible
barangays
15. Integrated Solids Waste Management
Programme
16. East-West Mangahan
17. Pasig-Marikina Floodway
18. Development for the National Capital
Region
19. Removal of Sunken Wrecks
20. Riverside Parks
21. Urban Renewal of Escolta District
Proposed Program in 2006: Garbage Free, Class C Water Quality, Urban Renewal
Projects.

It was made possible with the help of Partner Agencies: Public and
Private Sectors
DENR, MMDA, DBM, DOF, DPWH, HUDCC, DOTC, OES, DOT, DILG,
DTI, DND and Metro Manila Mayors League.

With only 3 private sector representatives: Unilever Phils., Clean And

Green Foundation
Inc. (C&GFI), GMA-7 Network Inc.
The Pasig River Today.

The Rehabilitation: Was it Successful?

Issued in the year 2016

We do not own the travelling, only the blank pictures with caption
belongs to us.
Courtesy of David Matthew, University of Manila.
The closest possible grand canal to Pasig River is the Grand Canal
of China.
It has settlers in the river bank but it wasnt a hindrance for it to
become the lifeline of China.
For government circles the slum dwellers were always a disgrace
and annoyance.

President Ramos resettlements of squatters were carried out.

From the approximate 7 resettlements places especially Dasmarinas, Cavite

And Kasiglahan Village I in Montalban- also called ERAP CITY centre.

ERAP CITY IS MORE THAN 20 KILOMETERS FROM THE OUTSKIRTS AWAY

FROM MANILA AND OFFERS ONLY FEW WORK OPPORTUNITIES.
Therefore, there is no doubt about the issue that already in the first 2
years,
30-40 percent of the resettlers returned from their tenement houses
back to Pasig River.

People from other provinces who are looking for fortune and
who believed
that Manila is a place of opportunities , and cant afford a
sustainable place to stay decided also to be part of the
people currently living near the river.

Poverty in our country is also a cause of this problem.

Improvement of Bank Protection with combined sewer-drainage
system arise from:
1. Distant relocation is never a good solution.
2. While work for land and housing, we should also take care of
food, health, opportunities and education because they are
the great problem of the very poor. They are often forgotten
because leaders tend to be better off that ordinary members.

The rich are getting richer, while the poor are getting poorer.
Brief discussion:
Waterways fall into three categories:
Natural Rivers, Canalized Rivers, and Artificial Rivers.
Pasig River and its connecting rivers are either natural or
canalized. Therefore it is subjected to seasonal stoppage from
droughts, or floods, all of which lead to channel movements and
the formation of shoals.
While minimizing the Natural Hazards, attention is directed to
retaining the channel in a predetermined course by stabilization
of banks and bed, elimination of side channels, and by easing
major bends to obtain a channel of uniform area that follows the
natural valley.
On canalized rivers navigation is facilitated by constructing locks
that create a series of steps.

Pasig River and its connecting rivers is subjected to natural

hazards like flood. Flood or excess amount of water arises from
natural hazards must go somewhere. Pasig River and Meycauayan
River along with its tributaries are the major waterway of the
Philippines. It serves as the citys natural natural draining
mechanism. Hence, bank protection design should be friendly to
the environment.
Bank Stone Revetment and Sack Revetment as filter type structure
and Gabions as Wall Structures.

The choice of method depends upon the slope of the bank, type
of soil of the river, amount of discharge, and velocity of flow.
Definition of Terms:
Revetment- revetments are sloping structure placed on
banks or cliffs in such way as to absorb the energy of
incoming water.
-used to line the banks of rivers ,lakes and reservoirs
especially to prevent damage during periods of floods
or heavy seasonal rains
-used as lo-cost solution for coastal erosion
Filter type structures are designed
to reduce energy of the incoming waterflows
As it strike the riverbanks.

example
Jute sacks filled with sand or
Soil have been widely used for
emergency flood protection.
 Gabions are rectangular
Wire basket filled with stone.
Gabions are very versatile
and they may be used as
revetments, Groins and
offshore breakwaters.

Both of the design is suitable for the

sustainability of our riverbank.
If both of the design are to be adopted..
Video
Combined Drainage Sewage System

Combined sewer systems are sewers that are designed to collect

rainwater runoff, domestic sewage, and industrial wastewater in
the same pipe. Most of the time, combined sewer systems
transport all of their wastewater to a sewage treatment plant,
where it is treated and then discharged to a water body.
Combined Sewer-Drainage System

Advantage
Most of the time; both stormwater and
wastewater are treated to meet water quality
standards prior to discharge into a water body.
Cheaper construction than Separate Sewer-
Drainage System.
Disadvantage
During heavy rains, untreated
stormwater and wastewater may
be discharged at Combined
Sewer Overflow locations.

Suitable for heavy waste water

Most of the time, the combined sewer system was adequate to convey the
wastewater and stormwater. Occasionally, however, higher intensity storms
could overload the carrying capacity of the pipes. To provide relief from this
overload, combined sewer overflows (CSOs) were designed into the systems
to allow excess flows to discharge to nearby streams. This served to protect the
cities from back-ups of raw sewage into homes, reduced the potential for street
flooding, and protected the pipes and treatment systems from damage due to
overloading.
Underground Tunnel arises from the disadvantage of Combined
Sewer-Drainage System:

Underground tunnel to catch flows of sewage coming from the

combined sewer outfalls that would be discharging to Pasig River
(or any river tributaries of Pasig that is possible of installation of
such sewage system)

Underground Tunnel or Tideway Tunnel may take a while to be

constructed but it will certainly be a big help in other water
engineering projects and advances.
How Deep Tunnel Sewage System Works.
 Link Sewers convey used water from existing sewerage network to the Deep Tunnels.
Treated used water will be channeled to the Water Plant for further purification or
Discharged through the outfall.
Phase 3 Phase 1

Phase 2
With proper bank protection and sewage system, people living
near the river may not be relocated far away the outskirts and
the Rehabilitation Commission may continue their housing for slum
dwellers near the river.
 Canal Lock or Lock Gates

The use of locks, a means to raise or lower boats from one water level to another, dates back well
Over 2000 years.
The first locks were known as flash locks. A small gate was placed into a dam that had been built
To raise the water level of a river for navigation.
EXAMPLE
We prepared two different presentation of Canal Locks.

Canal Lock 1
Canal Lock 2