DC GENERATOR

PRESENTED BY TIAN
DIRECT CURRENT (DC)
Direct Current (DC) Power refers to the unidirectional flow of electrons
and is the form of power that is most commonly produced by sources
such as solar cells and battery.
DC (Direct current) circuits, the flow of electrical charge (or in other
words, electrons) is unidirectional and unlike AC Current, it does not
periodically reverses its direction.
DC power is widely used in low voltage applications such as charging
batteries, automotive applications, aircraft applications and other low
voltage, low current applications. All solar panels nowadays produce
DC power.
GENERATOR
Generator is a device that converts motive power into electrical power
for use in an external circuit. Sources of mechanical energy include
steam turbines, gas turbines, water turbines, internal combustion
engines and even hand cranks.
DC GENERATOR
DC generator is a device that generates DC power by means of
conversion of energy from motive to electrical power. It uses the
principle of electromagnetic induction to do the conversion process.
PRINCIPLE OF GENERATOR
According to the Faradays law of electromagnetic induction, a
conductor moving in a magnetic field cuts the magnetic lines of force.
This causes an emf to be induced in the conductor. This induced emf
will cause a current to flow if the circuit of the conductor is in closed
condition.
PARTS OF A DC GENERATOR
From the principle of DC generator, the most important parts of the DC
generator are:
Magnetic Field
Conductor moving inside a magnetic field.
PARTS OF A DC GENERATOR
PARTS OF A DC GENERATOR
1.) Stator
It is the fixed and main part of the DC generator. The function of the
stator is to supply the magnetic fields were the coils rotate. Stator
consists of permanent magnets (two of them with opposite poles
facing) which is placed to fit around the rotor.
2.) Rotor (Armature Core)
Rotor is the next main part of the DC generator. It consists of slotted
iron laminations which are stacked so as to form a cylindrical armature
core. The laminations are usually provided to reduce the loss due to
eddy current.
PARTS OF A DC GENERATOR
3.) Armature Windings:
The slots of the armature core are used to hold the armature windings. It is in
the form of a closed circuit winding connected in series parallel to increase
the amount of current generated.
4.)Yoke
It is the outer frame of the DC generator made using steel or cast iron. It
provides the required mechanical strength and helps in carrying the magnetic
flux given by the poles.
5.)Poles
used to support the field windings. Generally, the field windings are wound on
the poles and they are parallel or serially connected with the armature
windings. Also, the poles are given joint to the yoke using welding process or
by using screws
PARTS OF A DC GENERATOR
6.) Pole shoe
The main function of the pole shoe is to spread the magnetic flux and to
prevent the field coil from slipping.
7.) Commutator
Commutator in a dc motor is to reverse the direction of armature
current, in the brush zones, so that the torque will always be
unidirectional. In case of dc generator, it is used as a rectifier to convert
armature current in dc form.
8.) Brushes
It ensures electrical connections between the commutator and the
external load circuit.
TYPES OF DC GENERATOR

DC generator can be classified as:

Separately Excited and Selfexcited

Separately Excited- field coils are energized from an independent

external DC source
Self Excited- field coils are energized from the current produced by the
generator itself. Initial emf generation is due to residual magnetism in
field poles. The generated emf causes a part of current to flow in the
field coils, thus strengthening the field flux and thereby increasing emf
generation.
DIFFERENCES
Separately excited machine
1.Since field supplied by independent external source so control of flux
would be easier and hence speed control.
2. An external source is required so it is not economic. It is used where
fine control of speed is needed.
Self-excited machine
You can reverse the above two feature.
SELF EXCITED DC GENERATORS
Self Excited dc generators are divided into three types

(a) Series wound - field winding in series with armature winding

(b) Shunt wound - field winding in parallel with armature winding
(c) Compound wound - combination of series and shunt winding