1.

It is the diffusion of water

molecules through a permeable
membrane.
2.

The process by which a cell

engulfs a solid particle. Also
known as cell eating.
3.

The movement of biochemicals

from areas of high
concentration to areas of low
concentration; does not require
energy.
4.

The shrinking of cells cytoplasm

by osmosis.
5.

The process by which substances

move into and out of the cells.
6.

The movement of biochemicals

from areas of lower
concentration to areas of higher
concentration. Thus, requires
chemical energy.
7.

The process by which liquid

droplets are taken by the cell.
Also known as cell drinking.
8.

The replacement or addition of

water in the body.
1. It is the diffusion of water molecules through a
permeable membrane.
2. The process by which a cell engulfs a solid
particle. Also known as cell eating.
3. The movement of biochemicals from areas of high
concentration to areas of low concentration; does
not require energy.
4. The shrinking of cells cytoplasm by osmosis.
5. The process by which substances move into and
out of the cells.
6. The movement of biochemicals from areas of
lower concentration to areas of higher
concentration. Thus, requires chemical energy.
7. The process by which liquid droplets are taken by
the cell. Also known as cell drinking.
8. The replacement or addition of water in the body.
1. Osmosis
2. Phagocytosis
3. Passive transport
4. Plasmolysis
5. Diffusion
6. Active transport
7. Pinocytosis
8. Hydration
ANIMAL TISSUES
Structure and Function
A tissue is a group
of similar cells
specialized for the
performance of a
common function.
Animal tissues are classified as:

epithelial tissues
connective tissues
muscular tissues
nervous tissues
Epithelial Tissue
Epithelial Tissues

an epithelium is a sheet of cells that

covers an external or internal surface
line body surfaces or form glands
protect, absorb and contain nerve
cells for sensory reception.
Epithelial Tissues

Epithelial tissues can be classified

according to:
number of cell layers: simple or stratified;
shape of cells: squamous, cuboidal, or
columnar;
Epithelial Tissues

Epithelial tissues can be classified

according to:
number of cell layers: simple or stratified;
shape of cells: squamous, cuboidal, or
columnar;
surface specialization: cilia, keratin,
goblet cell, or brush border.
Types of Epithelium

1. Simple Epithelium
made up of only one layer of cells.
this type of tissue is classified
depending on its shape.
Simple Epithelium
a. Simple squamous epithelium
consists of a single layer of tightly
packed, flattened cells with a disk-
shaped central nucleus.
thin and flat cells with irregular
outlines that are fitted closely
together to form continuous sheet
Simple Epithelium
a. Simple squamous epithelium
Can be found in the endothelium of
blood vessels as well as the
mesothelium that covers body
cavities.
Simple Squamous Epithelium

Endothelium of an Mesothelium of visceral

artery peritoneum
Location: air sacs of the lungs, lining of heart, blood
vessels and lymphatic vessels
Function: Allows passage of materials by diffusion and
filtration.
Simple Epithelium

b. Simple cuboidal epithelium

consists of a single layer of tightly
packed, cube-shaped cells.
Location: kidney tubules, ducts and small glands,
and surface of ovary
Function: secretion and absorption
Simple Epithelium

c. Simple columnar epithelium

consists of a single layer of
elongated cells.
has goblet cells that secrete mucus
Location: lines digestive tract, gallbladder
Function: absorption, enzyme secretion
Types of Epithelium

2. Stratified epithelium
made up of more than one layer of
cells.
this type can be classified according
to the shape of its topmost layer;
squamous, cuboidal, columnar,
transitional or pseudostratified.
Stratified Epithelium

a. Stratified squamous epithelium

consists of many layers of cells
can either be keratinized or non-
keratinized.
Location: lines the esophagus, mouth, and vagina
Function: protects underlying tissues in areas
subject to abrasion
Stratified Epithelium
b. Stratified cuboidal epithelium
composed of multiple layers of cube-shaped
cells.
found in some glands

c. Stratified columnar epithelium

composed of column shaped cells arranged
in multiple layers
found in the conjunctiva and salivary gland
ducts of humans
Stratified cuboidal
epithelium

Stratified columnar
epithelium
Stratified Epithelium

d. Transitional epithelium
some stratified can change the
number of their cell layers by being
stretched out.
lines the ureters, the urinary
bladder, and the upper part of the
urethra
Relaxed and Stretched Transitional
Stratified Epithelium

e. Pseudostratified epithelium
has cells with the nuclei positioned
in different levels, giving the
impression that the membrane is
composed of more than a single
layer of cells.
ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Types of Epithelium

3. Glandular epithelium
is composed of cells that produce
secretion molecules
can be classified in several ways
Grandular Epithelium

a. According to number of cells.

Grandular epithelium may be
unicellular or multicellular.
Grandular Epithelium

a. Based o morphology or shape.

this type of tissue may be simple,
compound or saccular

simple- only one unbranched duct

compound- with ducts that repeatedly branch
saccular- with sac-like structures that invaginate
throughout
Simple Compound Saccular

Sweat gland Salivary gland Mammary gland

Grandular Epithelium

c. According to type of secretions.

serous
mucous
mixed serous-mucous
Serous
a cell-type that produces a thin
watery, protein-rich secretion

parotid gland pancreas

Mucous
A cell type that is characterized by numerous
large, lightly staining granules containing
strongly hydrophilic glycoprotein called mucins.

sublingual gland
Mixed serous-mucous
These glands have both serous and mucous
cells. Mucous cells capped with serous cells
called serous dimilunes.

submandibular
gland
Grandular Epithelium

d. Based on presence or absence of

excretory ducts.

endocrine
exocrine
Endocrine
ductless
secretes substances directly into the
bloodstream

islets of
Langerhans
Exocrine
secrete their products onto the skin or into body
cavities.
products secreted by exocrine glands include
sweat, oil, mucous, bile, and more.

mammary gland sebaceous gland

Grandular Epithelium

e. According to the integrity of

secretory cells.
holocrine
apocrine
merocrine
Holocrine
cells that suffer complete destruction
in the process of secretion.
Apocrine
cells that suffer partial destruction in
the process of secretion.

mammary gland
Merocrine
cells whose integrity is maintained

pancreas
Connective Tissue
Connective Tissue

support and bind

three components of connective tissue:
the connective tissue cells themselves,
protein fibers (collagen and elastin), and
stromal components such as the matrix.
 Types of
Connective Tissue
Types of connective tissue

a. Collagenous connective tissue

b. Reticular connective tissue
c. Elastic connective tissue
Collagenous connective tissue

made up of type I collagen

Reticular connective tissue

primarily formed by type III collagen

commonly found as a supporting
framework of hematopoietic and
lymphoid organs
Reticular connective tissue

adipose tissue stroma of glandular

organs
Elastic connective tissue

primarily formed by type II collagen ,

contains retractile fibers with elastin.
it is not easily visualized under the
microscope unless it is stained.
Elastic connective tissue

bronchi, trachea blood vessels

 Specialized
Connective Tissue
Specialized connective
tissues
a. blood and lymph
b. cartilage
c. bone
Blood and lymph

are important for transfer of

nutrients, gas exchange, hemostasis,
immunity, waste removal and
hormonal transport.
Cartilage

has a rigid matrix but is still pliable

and elastic because it is made of
collagen and elastic fibers.
It provides structural support and a
degree of flexibility. It is devoid of
blood vessels (avascular).
Bone

a rigid form of connective tissue

composed of cells a calcified matrix
made up of organic elements and
inorganic elements.
protects the vital organs in the
cranial and thoracic activities.