Project Guide Submitted By:-

Sarita Kumari Devesh Gupta

Himmat Singh
Contents:-
Introduction
Single phase power circuit
Three phase power circuit
Why the need for single-phase to three-phase power conversion?
Circuit Diagram
Working
Advantage of three phase over single phase
Introduction
A phase converter is a device that converts electric power
provided as single phase to three phase. The majority of phase
converters are used to produce three-phase electrical power
from a single-phase source, thus allowing the operation of
three-phase equipment at a site that only has single-phase
electrical service. Phase converters are used where three-
phase service is not available from the utility, or is too costly
to install due to a remote location. A utility will generally
charge a higher fee for a three-phase service because of the
extra equipment for transformers and metering and the extra
transmission wire.
 SINGLE-PHASE POWER CIRCUITS
Introduction :-
Single-phase electric power refers to the distribution of alternating
current electric power using a system in which all the voltages of
the supply vary in corresponding exactly.
Single-phase distribution is used when loads are mostly lighting
and heating, with few large electric motors.
A single-phase supply connected to an alternating current electric
motor does not produce a revolving magnetic field; single-phase
motors need additional circuits for starting, and such motors are
uncommon above 10 or 20 kw in rating.
THREE-PHASE POWER CIRCUITS
Introduction:
Almost all electric power generation and most of the power
transmission in the world is in the form of three-phase AC circuits.
A three-phase AC system consists of three-phase generators,
transmission lines, and loads.

There are two major advantages of three-phase systems over a

single-phase system:
1) More power per kilogram of metal form a three-phase machine;
2) Power delivered to a three-phase load is constant at all time,
instead of pulsing as it does in a single-phase system.
Why the need for single-phase to three-
phase power conversion?
Residential/Commercial expansion needing increased water
demands
Remote pumps (submersible/booster)
Increased pump HP (moving water further distances)
Increased activity in energy sector
Oil/Natural gas wells
De-watering pumps
Circuit Diagram
 Working
A three phase converter creates a three-phase power supply from a
single-phase supply. A digital signal processor (DSP) is used to
control power electronic devices to generate a third voltage, which
along with the single voltage from the supply creates a balanced
three-phase power supply.
AC power from the utility is converted to DC, then back to AC. The
power-switching devices used in this process are insulated-gate
bipolar transistors (IGBT).
In this type of digital phase converter the input rectifier consists of
IGBTs in series with inductors. The IGBTs are controlled by the DSP
to draw current from the single-phase line in a sinusoidal fashion.
The output inverter consists of IGBTs that draw on the power of the
DC bus to create an AC voltage.
 Working
A voltage created by power-switching devices like IGBTs is not
sinusoidal. It is a pulse-width modulated (PWM) waveform very high
in harmonic distortion.
This PWM voltage is then passed through an inductor filter system
that produces a sine-wave voltage with less than 3% total harmonic
distortion (standards for computer grade power allow up to 5% THD).
The converters operate at 95%98% efficiency. When the converter
is energized with no load, it consumes very little power.
Advantage of three phase over single
phase
Three phase power distribution requires lesser amount of copper or
aluminium for transferring the same amount of power as compared to
single phase power
The size of a three phase motor is smaller than that of a single phase
motor of the same rating.
Three phase motors are self starting as they can produce a rotating
magnetic field. The single phase motor requires a special starting
winding as it produces only a pulsating magnetic field.
The ripple factor of rectified dc produced from three phase power is
less than the dc produced from single phase supply.
Three phase motors have better power factor regulation.
Three phase generators are smaller in size than single phase
generators as winding phase can be more efficiently used.