EVALUATION OF ANTI-ULCER ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC

EXTRACT OF LEAVES OF SOLANUM TORVUM ON ETHANOL

INDUCED GASTRIC ULCER IN ALBINO RATS

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

G.Lakshmana , M.PHARM (Ph.D,,,)
Associate. Professor,
Department of Pharmacology

BY
S.ADI NARAYANA
(Y15MPH19103)
 CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION
PLANT PROFILE
LITERATURE REVIEW
AIM & OBJECTIVE
PLAN OF WORK
MATERIALS & METHODS
RESULTS
DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
 INTRODUCTION

PEPTIC ULCERS:
The term peptic ulcer refers to a break in the surface
lining of the stomach or duodenum which is deep
enough to produce a shallow crater (ulcer) in its wall.
Mainly occurs due to the H.Pylori bacteria.
There are several types of ulcers like duodenal
ulcers,gastric ulcers.
Causes:
The main causes of ulcers are
NSAIDS
Smoking

Symptoms:
abdominal pain
indigestion or heartburn,
vomiting and anemia.

Diagnosis:
Diagnosis can be done by endoscopy.
Treatment:
The goals of treatment for peptic ulcers are:
Relieve symptoms quickly
Heal the ulcer
Prevent it from recurring in the future
Some of the drugs used are
famotidine,Ranitidine,Omeprazole,Pantaprazole and
Domperidone.
Managing ulcers:
Important steps in management of peptic ulcers
include:
stopping smoking,
curtailing excessive alcohol intake, and
avoiding aspirin and NSAIDs, if possible.
PLANT PROFILE
CLASSIFICATION:
Kingdom : Plantae
Order : Solanales
Family : Solanaceae
Genus : Solanum L.
Species : Solanum torvum Sw.
Chemical Constituents:
(1) neochlorogenin 6-O--D-quinovopyranoside
(2) neochlorogenin 6-O--D-xylopyranosyl-(13)-D-
quinovopyranoside
(3) neochlorogenin 6-O--L-rhamnopyranosyl-(13)--
D-quinovopyranoside
(4) solagenin 6-O--D-quinovopyranoside
(5) solagenin 6-O--L-rhamnopyranosyl-(13)--D-
quinovopyranoside
(6) isoquercetin
(7) rutin
(8) kaempferol
(9) quercetin
Uses:
The raw leaves of Solanum torvum, belanjenn djab,
are rubbed on the foot to treat athletes foot.
Boiling water is poured on the leaves and then drunk
as a tisane for high blood pressure..
The leaves are used to reduce inflammation and pain.
 LITERATURE REVIEW
V. Lalitha, K.A. Raveesha et ..al has investigated about the
Anti-Microbial activity of aqueous extract of Solanum
torvum. leaves.
M.A. BARI, W. ISLAM1 has investigated about the anti-
fungal and anti- bacterial activity of Solanum torvum leaves
and roots.
Zubaida Yousafa,et.al reviewed the Pharmacological action
of anti micorobial , anti inflamatory, anti- viral, antiulcer,
cyto toxicity and hypotensive of Solanumtorvum.
M. Sivapriya, R. Dineshaetal et.al had investigated Anti-
bacterial activity of different extract of Solanum torvum.
A. Thenmozhi1, U.S. Mahadeva Rao2*. et.al investigated
about Antimiotic and anti cancer Activity Of Various
Extracts of Solanum torvum Leaves.
 AIM & OBJECTIVE
The aim and objective of the present study is to develop
scientifically a safe and efficacious herbal remedy for treatment of peptic
ulcer.

Plant drug selected Solanum torvum

part used Leaves
family -Solanaceae.
 PLAN OF WORK
A- Selection of plant.
B- Separation of leaves, drying and extraction.
C- Phytochemical screening.
D- Acute toxicity studies.
E- Grouping of animals.
F- Evaluation of anti-ulcer activity.
G- Statistical analysis of experimental data and discussion of
results.
 MATERIALS & METHODS
ANIMALS:
Healthy, albino rats of either sex weighing 180-250gm
were selected for study.
PREPARATION OF EXTRACT:
The leaves were collected & dried
Extracted by ethanol in soxhlet extractor for 48 hrs.
The solution so obtained was transferred to china dish.
Then the extract was evaporated to dryness at 35-40 C to get a
solid mass free from solvent.
PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING:
The extract was tested for the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids,
saponins, steroids, glycosides,
& carbohydrates
TOXICITY STUDY:
The toxicity study was performed according to OECD guidelines
The animals were divided into two groups of six in each.
The control group was administered with 2ml/kg 0.1% tween80.
The other group was administered with following doses -100, 200,
400, 800, 1000, mg/kg of extract dissolved in 0.1% of tween80
through oral route.
The animals were observed continuously for first 4 hrs for any
behavioral changes.
Morbidity like convulsions, tremors, grip strength & mortality was
observed at the end of 24hrs, 48hrs and 72hrs respectively.
No mortality was reported even after 72hrs.
This indicates the extract is safe up to a single dose of 2000mg/kg
body weight.
GROUPING OF ANIMALS:
The total numbers of animals required for study are 30
animals, these 30 animals are divided into six groups of five
animals each.
Negative Control group (normally treated with vehicle)
Positive Control group (Treated with ethanol)
Standard (treated with ethanol + Omeprazole 20mg/kg)
Test group-I(treated with ethanol +extract-100mg/kg)
Test group-II(treated with ethanol +extract-200mg/kg)
Test group-III(treated with ethanol +extract-300mg/kg)

METHOD:-
The method used for present study is
Ethanol induced ulcers in rats.
Ethanol induced ulcer:
After 12 hour of fasting, the rats were randomly divided into six
groups of five animals each.
First group and second groups were given 1ml of vehicle (0.1%
tween80)
The third group was treated with omeprazole 20 mg/kg. The
remaining groups received 100 mg/kg,200mg/kg and 300mg/kg of
ethanolic extract of leaves of Mirabilis jalapa respectively.
All the treatments were administered orally. One hour after
treatment,.
all the rats received 1ml of 99.5% ethanol to induce gastric ulcer.
One hour later, the animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation,
and the stomachs removed and opened along the greater
curvature. The stomachs were gently rinsed with water to remove
the gastric contents and blood clots, for subsequent scanning.
Mechanism:
Absolute ethanol rapidly promotes the formation of
hyperemic blisters in the stomach mucosa, which is
essentially an acute inflammatory reaction.
Alcohol may contribute to gastric injury through a variety
of mechanisms such as oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation,
and glutathione depletion in gastric mucosa.
Tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) is a major mediator of the
acute inflammatory response that is generated during
many disease states, including infection and inflammation.
 RESULTS
Groups Treatment Ulcer index
Group I Negative control 0.28 0.05
(0.1% tween 80) p.o
Group II Positive control, 5.9 0.05*
ethanol (1ml) p.o
Group III Ethanol (1ml) + 3.02 0.04*
Omeprazole (20
mg/kg) p.o
Group IV Ethanol (1ml) + 4.9 0.06*
STEE (100 mg/kg)
p.o
Group V Ethanol (1ml) + 3.9 0.06*
STEE (200 mg/kg)
p.o
Group VI Ethanol (1ml) + 3.6 +0.06*
STEE (300 mg/kg)
p.o
n=6 in each group values are expressed as mean SEM
one way ANOVA
P Value 0.001 when compared to control group
7

0
Group I Group II Group III Group IV Group V Group VI
 DISCUSSION
Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids,
flavonoids, tannins and saponins.
The results were comparable with standard antiulcer drug
Omeprazole.
In the ethanol induced ulcer model,positive control showed
the ulcer index of 5.9 0.05 and Omeprazole (20 mg/kg)
which showed the ulcer index of 3.02 0.04.
The oral administration of ethanolic extract of leaves of
Solanum torvum 100 mg/kg,200mg/kg and 300mg/kg showed
the ulcer index of 4.9 0.06, 3.9 0.06 and 3.6 0.06
respectively.
When compared to positive control, the ethanolic extract of
leaves of Solanum torvum at a dose of 300mg/kg showed
significant activity.
 CONCLUSION

In the present investigation the ethanolic extract of leaves of

Solanum torvum showed significant anti-ulcer activity at 300
mg/ kg by ethanol induced ulcer in rats.
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