Professional Documents
Culture Documents
contemporary diplomacy
6 credits
Definitions and review of approaches to the
Diplomatic Studies
1) Diplomacy as a practice is the official
activity of the heads of states or special
establishments (Ministry of Foreign
Affairs, business, people, and etc) in order
to conduct the aims of a foreign policy.
2) Diplomacy Studies is a branch of IR to
study the diplomatic practice.
Hegemony of state structures or
nonstate actors in diplomacy?
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, a primary
institution to conduct diplomacy of a
government:
there are 191 states operating in the modern
diplomatic environment, compared to 47 in
1950 and 26 in 1926.
However,
A new problem to define the term
diplomacy: traditional views
In its simplest form diplomacy is the
maintenance of peace and the avoidance of
war .
G. Berrige ( in the book Diplomatic Theory
from Machiavelli to Kissinger 2001):
diplomacy is the term given to the official
channels of communication employed by
members of a system of states
Pressure from NGOs and MNCs
2014: 21 000 NGOs
2014: 53 000 MNCs
And they have adopted basic diplomatic
functions such as
negotiation skills,
visible representation,
political reporting
and symbolism
New problem to define the term
diplomacy: nontraditional view
Due to the rise of nontraditional actors, such
as NGOs, multi-national corporations
(MNCs), and even individuals, the
definition is
Paul Sharp (in article devoted to English school of
diplomacy: Herbert Butterfield, the English School and the
Civilizing Virtues of Diplomacy // International Affairs
gives new definition:
Diplomacy is relations between groups to avoid a
conflict
2) Who studies the diplomacy?
1) researchers >> Diplomatic Studies
the centers of knowledge:
Diplomacy and Statecraft
Diplomatic History
International Negotiations
Who studies the diplomacy?
2) former diplomats >> memories >>
the approaches to the Diplomatic studies:
Historical approach
1. Nicolson H. Evolution of Diplomatic methods
2. Anderson M. The rise of modern diplomacy;
3. Hamilton K. The practice of diplomacy;
4. Berridge G.R. Diplomacy: theory and practice;
Specifics:
The emphasis is on the history, development and evolution
The emphasis is on the types of the diplomatic methods
The attempts to formulate a conceptual basis for the
development of diplomacy:
Evolution
representation
Harold Nicolson (1886-1968) -is a farther of Diplomacy
Studies
Review of literature
Case-study approach
Hundreds of papers devoted to the specific
questions:
UN and multilateral diplomacy
Sanctions
Summits
Public diplomacy
Review of literature
Memories and diplomatic practice (the
pure Russian approach)
1) Popov V. Contemporary diplomacy. The theory and
practice
2) Torkunov A. V. Contemporary diplomacy (a textbook for
Russian students)
3) Zonova T. The diplomatic service (the textbook for Russian
students)
4) Zhiznin S. Z. Energy diplomacy of Russia
Specifics:
Dry text about diplomatic services, analysis of foreign
diplomatic mechanism
Memories about the service.
3) From classics to post-modernism: how are
diplomats taught?
http://ushistory.ru/diplomacy/diplomacy.zip