Khoan Dinh Huong - Nhom 8

TP ON DU KH VIT NAM
TRNG I HC DU KH VIT NAM
INTELLIGENT AND SMART

WELL COMPLETIONS
Group 8 : Huu Minh Dang

Dinh Nam Phan
Kim Thinh On
Content
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Intelligent-Completion Equipment
8.3 Intelligent Completion Models

2014 Petrovietnam University (PVU)
8.4 Examples of Field Applications of

Intelligent Completions
Group 8 Multilateral Wells 2

Content
8.1 Introduction



8.1 Introduction
Intelligent completions (smart wells) have become the

front-end technology in oil- and gas-well development.
The main objectives of intelligent completions are to
reduce intervention when production troubles are
encountered and to optimize well performance with
minimal interruption to production or injection
For multilateral wells, downhole ow-control devices
can manipulate the performance of individual laterals

and optimize overall well performance

8.1 Introduction
The information obtained from intelligent completions

can be used for reservoir management and for verifying
and updating reservoir properties in simulation models.
Downhole control and monitoring can be used alone or
in combination with each other.
The most thorough application of an intelligent
completion is to use monitored information to guide the
control of well performance in real time

8.1 Introduction
Many have showed successful applications of intelligent

technology:
Tubel and Hopmann 1996
Kluth et al. 2000
Clancy et al. 2002
Kragas et al. 2003
Redlinger et al. 2003
Paino et al. 2004
Sandy et al. 2005

Al-Bimani et al. 2006
Mclntyre et al. 2006
...
Content
8.1 Introduction



Intelligent completion equipment can be categorized into
two main groups:
Sensors for monitoring downhole conditions (pressure,
temperature, ow rate, and other reservoir/uid properties)
Downhole chokes or inow control devices for ow control.
Schematic of intelligent completion (Tubel and Hopmann 1996)

Downhole Monitoring:
Consists of permanent sensors to measure pressure,
temperature, ow rate, and other reservoir/ ow parameters
The sensors can be either downhole gauges or ber-optic
cables
Monitoring gauges are commonly located above the junction
Fiber-optic cables can be clamped to the completion tubing and
are more exible to send below the junctions

Downhole Monitoring:
Used in the oil industry since the 1960s.
The permanent downhole gauge will provide either single-point
pressure and temperature measurement or multipoint
pressure/temperature and other ow properties
Downhole pressure gauge.

Fiber-Optic Sensing System:
An optical ber is a thin strand of glass that consists of three
concentric regions: a ber core, a cladding, and a primary
buffer
Optic ber structure.

Fiber-Optic Sensing System:
Distributed Temperature Sensor (DTS): measures temperature
along a ber-optic cable
Bragg Grating Sensor: are sensor elements that can be written
into the core of an optical ber by an ultraviolet
photoinscription process.
Fiber-Optic Sensor System: A ber-optic sensing system has
three main components: a laser light source, a ber-optic cable,
and a photodetector.
Fiber-optic sensor system

(Laurence and Brown 2000)

Downhole Inow Control:
A downhole inow control valve (ICV) regulates downhole
ow conditions from the surface
As downhole chokes that can be fully open, partially open, or
closed depending on the ow rate desired
The devices can be hydraulically actuated or electronically
actuated
Downhole control equipment in a

ICV
multilateral well (Afaleg et al. 2005)
Content
8.1 Introduction



The pressure and temperature

data
Downhole flow conditions
The production or injection

problems

8.3.1 Modeling of Temperature Profile for Flow

Distribution.
Fluid
properties
Well
Flow rate
structure
Temperature
profiles
from
geothermal

Model

Forward model
- Joule
Forward model
Inflow Temperature
profiles Thomson
expansion
- Viscous
dissipative
heating
- Heat
conduction

Temperature Inverse Flow

and pressure model distribution
profile

Wellbore
trajectory
Temperature
Flow rate
of a
horizontal
lateral
Fluid
entries
along
lateral

Reservoir
Conservation
temperature/
equation of Darcys Law
pressure
mass/energy
distribution

Conservation
equation of
mass
Wellbore
temperature/
pressure
distribution
Conservation Conservation
equation of equation of
energy momentum

Reservoir Temperature
C p u.T Tu.p .( KT .T ) u.p 0

Temperature profile in reservoir flow

Wellbore Temperature
dT 2U I ( C p K JT ) dp ( )T
(TI T ) g sin
dx R( C p )T ( C p )T dx ( C p )T

8.3.2 Example of temperature along horizontal laterals.

Pressure and temperature profiles with various well
trajectories.
Effect of wellbore trajectory on pressure and temperature

distribution (oil well, upward flow)
Effect of wellbore trajectory on pressure and temperature

distribution (oil well, downward flow)

Effect of water and gas production.

Water production.
Identifying water entry location from a temperature profile

Gas production.
Identifying gas entry location from a temperature profile

Content
8.1 Introduction



8.4 Examples of Field Applications of ICs
Offshore North Sea:
Oseberg field (southwestern coast of Norway): peak oil
production rate is 510,000 STB/D (1997), decrease rapidly to
290,000 STB/D (2000).
Firstly intelligent completion was designed to shut down the
excess gas production when necessary.
More than expected, it can be used to shut in the water-
producing zone without intervention.

Offshore North Sea:

Offshore North Sea:
Moreover, via the downhole sensors, the collected data showed
a pressure drop through tubing was unexpectedly large (about
700 psi) due to high productivity and friction in tubing.
Hence the tubing size was increased to accommodate the high
flow rate.

Mature Oil Field:
A multilateral well with 4 laterals and an ESP had to be shut
down after two years of excellent oil production.
Reason: high water cut (up to 95% WC) from early
breakthrough of water injection.
Because of the ESP installed, it was difficult to run
conventional production logging to determine water-bearing
locations.
Downhole control devices were then installed in the main bore

to isolate each lateral.

Mature Oil Field:

Mature Oil Field:

Wytch Farm Extended-Reach Horizontal Well:
Fiber-optic cable was installed along the production interval as
a temperature sensor.


Cold-water breakthrough is believed to be from a nearby
seawater injection well.
This problem could be solved by zonal isolation ICVs.

39

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TP ON DU KH VIT NAM

TRNG I HC DU KH VIT NAM

INTELLIGENT AND SMART

Group 8 : Huu Minh Dang

8.2 Intelligent-Completion Equipment

8.3 Intelligent Completion Models

8.4 Examples of Field Applications of

Group 8 Multilateral Wells 2

8.2 Intelligent-Completion Equipment

8.3 Intelligent Completion Models

8.4 Examples of Field Applications of

Group 8 Multilateral Wells 3

Intelligent completions (smart wells) have become the

can manipulate the performance of individual laterals

Group 8 Multilateral Wells 4

The information obtained from intelligent completions

control of well performance in real time

Group 8 Multilateral Wells 5

Many have showed successful applications of intelligent

Sandy et al. 2005

8.2 Intelligent-Completion Equipment

8.3 Intelligent Completion Models

8.4 Examples of Field Applications of

Group 8 Multilateral Wells 7

Schematic of intelligent completion (Tubel and Hopmann 1996)

Group 8 Multilateral Wells 9

Downhole pressure gauge.

Group 8 Multilateral Wells 10

Optic ber structure.

Group 8 Multilateral Wells 11

Fiber-optic sensor system

Group 8 Multilateral Wells 12

Downhole control equipment in a

8.2 Intelligent-Completion Equipment

8.3 Intelligent Completion Models

8.4 Examples of Field Applications of

Group 8 Multilateral Wells 14

The pressure and temperature

Downhole flow conditions

The production or injection

Group 8 Multilateral Wells 15

8.3.1 Modeling of Temperature Profile for Flow

Group 8 Multilateral Wells 16

Group 8 Multilateral Wells 17

Group 8 Multilateral Wells 18

Temperature Inverse Flow

Group 8 Multilateral Wells 19

Group 8 Multilateral Wells 20

Group 8 Multilateral Wells 21

Group 8 Multilateral Wells 22

C p u.T Tu.p .( KT .T ) u.p 0

Temperature profile in reservoir flow

Group 8 Multilateral Wells 24

8.3.2 Example of temperature along horizontal laterals.

Effect of wellbore trajectory on pressure and temperature

Effect of wellbore trajectory on pressure and temperature

Group 8 Multilateral Wells 26

Effect of water and gas production.

Identifying water entry location from a temperature profile

Group 8 Multilateral Wells 27

Identifying gas entry location from a temperature profile

Group 8 Multilateral Wells 28

8.2 Intelligent-Completion Equipment

8.3 Intelligent Completion Models