PHYSICS CLASSROOM

FOR GRADE X

PHYSICS CLASSROOM
FOR GRADE X
STANDARD OF COMPETENCE:
Applying the concept and basic principles of
kinematics and dynamics

BASIC COMPETENCE:
Analyzing the physical quantities in motions with
constant velocity and motions with constant
acceleration
1. Define what the motion is
2. Define physical quantities in rectilinear motion
3. Determine the equations for physical quantities in rectilinear
motion
4. Calculate physical quantities in rectilinear motion
5. Describe the characteristics of motions with constant velocity
using graphics
6. Formulate the physical quantities in motion with constant
velocity
7. Calculate the physical quantities in motion with constant
velocity
8. Describe the characteristics of motions with constant
acceleration using graphics
9. Formulate the physical quantities in motion with constant
acceleration
10. Calculate the physical quantities in motion with constant
acceleration
1. Do you remember the difference between distance and
displacement?
2. Do you remember the difference between average speed and
average velocity?

Answer:
1. Distance = total length of the path traveled by an object
Displacement = change of position
2. Average Speed = the distance traveled by an object divided by
the time taken
Average velocity = the displacement divided by the time taken
 CASE
3m
1. A physics teacher took
15 seconds to walk 8 m
north, 3 m east, and
finally 4 m south (as
shown in the simulatio 4m

Determine the magnitude of 8m

a. Distance covered
b. Displacement
c. Average speed
d. Average velocity
 Solution:
3m
1. a. Distance covered
s = 8 + 3 + 4 = 15 m
b. Displacement
4m
s = 5 m
c. Average speed 8m

v = s/t = 15m/15s = 1 m/s

d. Average velocity
v = s/t = 5m/15s = 1/3 m/s
 D A B C

-3 0 2 4 6 8 X(m)

2. A particle moves from A, to B, C and finally stop at point D

If the time taken from A to D is 10 s, Determine
a. Positions of points A, B, C, and D
b. Distance traveled and displacement
c. Average speed
d. Average velocity
 jarak.tempuh

waktu.tempuh

perpindahan

waktu.tempuh

Jarak tempuh (km)

Berapakah kelajuan rata-rata dan kecepatan rata-rata mobil tersebut?

Kelajuan rata-rata : v = s/t = 5 km / 0.20 hrs = 25 km/hrs
Kecepatan rata-rata: v = s/t = 5 km / 0.20 hrs = 25 km/hrs
Kelajuan rata2 = kecepatan rata2, karena pada gerak lurus jarak = perpindahan
 Amati simulasi berikut. Mobil mana (merah, hijau, atau biru) yang
melakukan percepatan? Perhatikan setiap mobil untuk menjawabnya

Mobil merah bergerak dengan kecepatan tetap (tanpa percepatan)

Mobil hijau dan biru memilki percepatan
Percepatan mobil biru lebih besar daripada mobil hijau
 Acceleration (a)
Measures how fast velocity is changing, either by changing speed or direction.

change in velocit y
Accelerati on
time interval
v vt v0
a
t t
a = acceleration (m/s2)
v0 = vi = initial velocity = kecepatan awal (m/s)
vt = vf = final velocity = kecepatan akhir (m/s)
t = time interval (s)

Acceleration can be positive or negative.

Speeding up = positive acceleration
Slowing down = negative acceleration (or deceleration)
 Acceleration (a)
Example: You speed up on your motorcycle from 54 km/hr to 90 km/hr in 5 sec.
Whats your acceleration (state your answer in m/s2)

a vt - v0 90 km/hr - 54 km/hr 25 m/s - 15 m/s

t 5s 5s
10m / s m
a 2 2
5s s
Exercises:
1. Someone is testing the acceleration of his new motorcycle. It is accelerated
maximally from rest and reach the velocity of 90 km/hr in 10 sec. Whats the
maximal acceleration of the motorcycle (state your answer in m/s2)
2. The take-off speed of a fighter jet is 360 km/hrs. If its maximum acceleration
is 10 m/s2 , how long does it take to take off?
At a certain time interval, an object moves at constant velocity of 2 m/s2.
1. What does it mean?
2. Create the table of objects acceleration from time to time (the first 5 seconds)!
3. Draw the distance-time graph of its motion!
4. Calculate the slope (gradient) of the distance-time graph!
5. Draw the velocity-time graph of its motion!
6. Draw the acceleration-time graph of its motion!

ANSWER:
1. At that certain time interval, the object covers the distance of 2 m every second.
2.
Time (t) 0s 1s 2s 3s 4s 5s
Displacement (s) 0m 2m 4m 6m 8m 10 m
 Uniformly Accelerated Rectilinear Motion
(Gerak Lurus Berubah Beraturan)
At a certain time interval, an object is accelerated at 2 m/s2 .
1. What does it mean?
2. Create the table of objects velocity from time to time (the first 5 seconds)!
3. Draw the velocity-time graph of its motion!
4. Calculate the slope (gradient) of the velocity-time graph!
5. Draw the acceleration-time graph of its motion!
6. From the equation of acceleration below, determine the formula for the final
velocity (vt )
v vt v0
a
t t
7. From the formula s = v t (where v is average velocity determine the formula for
the distance traveled by object in uniformly accelerated rectilinear motion (s)
6. Draw the distance-time graph of its motion!
 Jika objek kelajuannya bertambah, percepatan mempunyai arah yang sama
dengan gerakan. Ticker timer menunjukkan titik tidak mempunyai jarak yang
samat (mis. kecepatan berubah). Grafik s-t menunjukkan bahwa kemiringan
berubah (artinya kecepan berubah) dan positip (kecepatan positip). Grafik v-t
menunjukkan kemiringan positip (ke atas) artinya percepatan positip.
 Objek bergerak pada arah positip mempunyai kecepatan positip. Jika objek
semakin lambat vektor percepatan berlawanan arah dengan gerakan
(percepatan negatif = perlambatan). Ticker timer menunjukkan jarak yang tidak
sama semakin dekat. Grafik s-t menunjukkan kemiringan berubah (kecepatan
berubah) dan positip (kecepatan positiv). Grafik v-t menunjukkan kemiringan
negatip (ke bawah) kemiringan artinya percepatan negatif.
 Objek yang bergerak dengan arah negatip mempunyai kecepatan negatif, vektor
percepatan mempunyai arah yang sama dengan gerakan (percepatan negatip).
Ticker timer menunjukkan ttik yang semakin berjauhan (kecepatan berubah).
Grafik s-t menunjukkan kemiringan berubah (artinya kecepatan berubah) dan
negatip (kecepatan negatip). Grafik v-t menunjukkan kemiringan negatip
(menuju ke bawah) artinya percepatan negatip. Grafik a-t menunjukkan garis
mendatar ke arah negatip (percepatan negatip).
 Jika objek semakin lambat, vektor percepatan arahnya berlawanan dengan
gerakan (pada keadaan ini percepatan positip). Ticker timer menunjukkan setiap
titi k saling berjauhan (kecepatan berubah). Grafik s-t menunjukkan bahwa
kemiringan berubah (kecepatan berubah) dan negatip (kecepatan negatip).
Grafik v-t menunjukkan kemiringan positip (percepatan positip); garis berada
pada daerah negatip (sehubungan dengan kecepatan negatip). Grafik a-t
menunjukkan garis mendatar pada arah positip (percepatan positip).