THE REQUIREMENTS OF TWO PLANE FIGURE IS

CALLED SIMILAR:
1. THE PROPORTION OF CORRESPONDING SIDES
ARE EQUAL
2. THE SIZE OF CORRESPONDING ANGLES ARE
EQUAL
The corresponding sides are:
AB with ED BC with EF AC with DF

The corresponding angles are:

<B with <E <A with <D <C with <F
 Are the two planes figures below similar?

24 cm
30o Solution:
12 cm 10 cm The proportion of
60o corresponding sides are:
5 cm

AB = 5 = 1
ED 10 2
The proportion of
BC = 12 = 1 corresponding sides are
EF 24 2 equal
AC = 13 = 1
DF 26 2
 24 cm
30o
12 cm 10 cm The size of corresponding
angles are:
60o

5 cm <A = < D = 60o

The size of angles: <B = < E = 90o

<A = 60o <B = 90o <C = < F = 30o
<C = 30o [ 180 (90 + 60)] The size of corresponding
angles are equal
<E = 90o <F = 30o
So, the two plane figures above
<D = 60o [ 180 (90 + 30)] are similar
Are the two trapezoid below similar?
A 15 cm B P 4 cm Q
o

12 cm 16 cm 5 cm
7 cm
o R
x C
D 21 cm
x 6 cm
S
Solution:
The proportion of corresponding sides:
AD = 12= 3 BC = 16 = 8
PQ 4 RS 6 3
The proportion of
AB = 15= 3 corresponding sides
CD = 21= 3
QR 5 are not equal
PS 7
 A 15 cm B P 4 cm Q
y

12 cm 16 cm 5 cm
7 cm
y R
x C
D 21 cm
x 6 cm
S
The corresponding angles::
<A with <Q <A = <Q = 90o (right angle)
<D with <P <D = <P = 90o (right angle)
<B with <R <B = <R = yo
<C with <S <C = <S = xo

So, The two trapezoid above are dissimilar

 A 6cm B
E 3 cm
2 cm Show that trapezoid
4 cm
F 5cm G ABCD and trapezoid EFGB
C
are similar?
D 10 cm
Solution:
A 6cm B
E B
3 cm
2 cm
4 cm
F 5cm G

C
D 10 cm
AD = 4 =2 AB = 6 =2 DC = 10
=2
EF 2 EB 3 FG 5
 Menentukan panjang BC dan BG dengan
teorema pythagoras
A 6cm B
E B
3 cm
2 cm 2 cm
4 cm
4 cm
F 5cm 2 cm G
4 cm C
D 10 cm

BC2 = 42 + 42 BG2 = 22 + 22
BC2 = 16 + 16 BG2 = 4 + 4
BC2= 32 BG2 = 8
BC = 32 BG = 8
BC = 32 32
perbandingan BC dan BG = BG 4 2
8 8
A 6cm B
E 3 cm
2 cm
4 cm
F 5cm G

C
D 10 cm

The corresponding angles:

<A with <BEF <A = <BEF (right angle)
<D with<F <D = <F (right angle)
<ABC with <EBG <ABC = <EBG ( respectived by
<BCD with <BGF the same sides)
<BCD = <BGF (corresponding
angle)
So, The two trapezoid above are similar
Are the door1,5and
m the soccer field below similar?
15 m

2,5 m
9m

The proportion of corresponding sides:

l1 = 1,5 = 15 = 1 P1 = 2,5 = 25 = 1
l2 9 90 6 P2 15 150 6

The door and the soccer field above are similar

EXERCISE:
1. Math Book ( buku Paket )page of 30
2. Work Book Page 6-7 (no. 11-14)
The Length of an Unknown Side of Two
Similar Figures
Example 1
1. Observe the two similar polygons ABCDE and
RSTUV below. Determine the values of x and y!
Solution:
The Ratio of corresponding sides : AE = 9 = 3
RV 6 2
Use ratio of corresponding sides
to find x and y: AB = AE
RS RV 2x = 12

x = 3 x = 12 : 2
4 2 x=6
(Cross multiply)
The value of y : 2y = 15
DC = AE y = 15 : 2 = 7,5 cm
TU RV
y = 3
5 2 So,the value of x = 6 cm and y = 7,5 cm

(Cross multiply)
Example 2
Quadrilaterals ABCD
and RSTU below are
similar. Find the
values of x, y, and z.
Solution:
Use ratio of corresponding sides to find x, y and z
AB = AD BC = AD CD = AD
RS UR ST UR TU UR
6 5 y 5 z 5
= = =
x 3 2 3 4 3
18 = 5x 3y = 10 3z = 20
18 : 5 = x y = 10 : 3 y = 20 : 3
3,6 = x y = 3,3 cm y = 6,7 cm
Example 3 Solution:
The two Parallelogram The proportion of
below are similar corresponding sides :
Find the value of x and
determine the length DC = AD AD = 3x2
of AD and CG! FG EF
AD = 3(2)2
15 3x2
= AD = 3(4) = 12
D 15 cm C 5 2x
3 3x CG = BC -BG
=
F 1 2 CG = AD -BG
G
3x = 6 CG = 12 2x
E 5 cm CG = 12 2(2)
A B x = 6:3
x =2 CG = 12 4 = 8
Example 4
5 cm
The picture and its frame on the
right are similar. The length of the

50 cm
frame is 50 cm, the width of the
frame is 30 cm. if the distance 5 cm 5 cm

between picture side and frame

side on the left, top and the right is 5
cm. Find the distance between
picture side and frame side on the
X cm
below!
Solution: 30 cm
P frame = 50 cm P frame = l frame
P picture = 50- 5 x = 45 x P picture l picture
l frame = 30 cm 50 30
=
l picture = 30- 5 5 = 20 45 x 20
 50 3
=
45 x 2
100 = 3 (45 - x)
100 = 135 - 3x)

3x = 135 - 100
3x = 35
x = 35 : 3
x = 11,7 cm

So, the distance between picture

side and frame side on the below
is 11,7 cm
 5 cm The another way:
P frame = 50 cm

50 cm
P picture = y

y cm
5 cm 5 cm

l frame = 30 cm
l picture = 30- 5 5 = 20
X cm
P frame = l frame
30 cm P picture l picture

50 30 100 = 3y x = 50 5 33,3
=
y 20 100 : 3 = y x = 11,7 cm
50 = 3 y = 33,3 cm
y 2
x = 50 5 - y
Exercise:
Mathbook page 31
Work Book Page 6-7
No 11 -14
SIMILAR TRIANGLE
THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE SIMILARITY OF
TWO TRIANGLE:

1. The corresponding angle of both triangles are in

the same size or
2. The proportion of the length of the corresponding
sides of both triangles are the same or
3. The proportions of two respective sides of the
corresponding angle are the same
Measure the angles size of both triangles by using a ruler and a protractor

C
o
R
o

x + x +
A B P Q
If the result of your measuring are:

A = P B = Q C = R

So, ABC and PQR are similar

 Measure the length of sides of both triangles by using a ruler
C

A B P Q
If the proportional of length sides are:

AC = AB = BC So, ABC and PQR are similar

PR PQ QR
Measure the length of two sides and one angles of both triangles
by using a ruler and protractor !
C

x x
A B P Q

AC = AB and A = P
PR PQ

So, ABC and PQR are similar

Example 1
Check whether PQR and MNO are similar.
What about the corresponding angles?

RP = 15 QR = 7
=1 = 1 PQ = 10 1
MO 45 NO 21 =
3 3 MN 30 3

So, PQR and MNO are similar Consequently, R = O,

P = M, and Q = N
Example 2
a. Write down the proportions of the
corresponding sides, and
b. Find whether UTV and USR inside
are similar.

Solution:
a. the proportions of the corresponding sides are:
UV , VT
And TU
UR RS SU
b. The corresponding angles of both triangle:
VUT with RUS VUT = RUS ( respectived by
the same sides)
UVT with URS UVT = URS (corresponding angles)

VTU with RST VT U = RST (corresponding angles)

 So, UTV and URS are similar

Example 3
In the figure on the right, AB // DE
a. Show that ABC and EDC are
similar.
b. Write down the proportions of
the corresponding sides.
 ABC = CDE
x (alternate interior angles)

BAC = CED
(alternate interior angles)

ACB = DCE
(opposite angles)

x So, ABC and CDE are similar

a. the proportions of the corresponding sides are:

AB = BC = AC
DE CD CE
 Example 4 C

Look at the figure on the right!

Show that ABC and EDC are
similar.
60o 24 cm
Solution: A B
The proportions of the corresponding sides are: R
AC = 18
= 3
PR 12 2
AB = 24 P 60o
= 3 16 cm
Q
PQ 16 2
The corresponding angle :

So, ABC and PQR are similar

< A = <P = 60o
The Length of an Unknown Side of Two
Similar Triangles
Look at the figure on the left.
BC // DE. You have found that ADE
and ABC are similar.
So, the corresponding sides :
AD = AE py = xq
AB AC
p = x p = x
p+q x+y q y
p(x+y) = x (p+q)
px+py = xp +xq
 Example 1
Look at the figure on the
right, DE // AB
a. Show that ABC and
DEC are similar.
b. Find the values of x
and y.
Solution:
CD = CE
AD BE
DCE = ACB ( respectived by
the same sides) x = 3
CDE = BAC (corresponding angles) 2 3
CED = ABC (corresponding angles) 3x = 6
x =6:3=2
CD = DE
AC AB
2 = y
2+2 10
4y = 20
y = 20 : 4 = 5
 Example 2
6
Look at the figure on the
x left, DE // AB and the
length of BD = 18 AE = 12
a. Show that ABC and
DEC are similar.
y
b. Find the values of x
and y.
12

Solution: ABC = CDE (alternate interior angles)

BAC = CED (alternate interior angles)

ACB = DCE (opposite angles)

 6 AB = BC
x DE CD
6 = x
12 18 - x
y
12 x = 6 (18-x)
12 12 x = 108 - 6x
12 x + 6x = 108
18x = 108
x = 108 : 18 = 6
 6 AB = AC
x DE CE
6 = 12 - y
12 y
y
6y = 12 (12-y)
12 6y = 144 12y
12y + 6y = 144

18y = 144
y = 144 : 18 = 8
 Example 3
14 Look at the figure on the
left, determine the length
12 12 of AB!
A x B Solution:
12 x
8 8 =
10
8+12 10
24
So, the length of AB:
12
= x AB = 14 + x
20 10
12
= x AB = 14 + 6 = 20 cm
2 1
2x = 12
x = 12 : 2 = 6
 Discovering the formula of the length of AB
a
c(b-a)
c c = AB -a
c+d
A x B
bc -ac
d d = AB -a
c+d
b-a
bc -ac
b + a = AB
c+d
c
= x bc -ac a(c+d)
c+d b-a + = AB
c+d c+d
c
= AB -a bc -ac + ac+ ad = AB
c+d b-a c+d
 a
bc -ac + ac+ ad = AB
c
c+d
A B bc + ad = AB
d c+d

b
So, the formula of the length of AB is:

bc + ad
AB =
c+d
 14 Look at the figure on the
left, determine the length
12 of AB by using the formula !
A B Solution:
8 bc + ad
AB =
c+d
24
AB = (12x24) + (8x14)
12 + 8
AB = 288 + 112
20
AB = 400
20
AB = 20 cm
EXERCISES
WORKBOOK MATHEMATICS
PAGE 7 11
NO. 15, 16, 18, 19, 20 22, 23, 25