UNIT 1

INTRODUCTION TO POWER
PLANTS AND BOILERS
 INTRODUCTION
Power plants is an assembly of equipments that
generates and delivers electrical energy by using the
available energy.
Electricity in bulk quantities is produced in power
plants, which can be of the following types:
a) Thermal
b) Nuclear
c) Hydraulic
d) Gas Turbine and
e) Geothermal,
f) Diesel, etc
 STEAM POWER PLANT
Thermal power plant mainly consists of
following four main circuits
1. Coal and ash circuits
2. Air and flue gas circuits
3. Feed water and steam flow circuit
4. Cooling water circuit
LAYOUT OF THERMAL POWER PLANT
 Largest thermal power plant in India
Mundra Thermal Power Station located in the
Kutch district of Gujarat, produce 4,620MW.
 THERMAL POWER PLANTS IN
TAMILNADU
Neyveli Thermal Power Station 1,970MW
Tuticorin Thermal Power Station 1050MW
Neyveli Thermal Power Station 1020MW
North Chennai Thermal Power Station, Athipattu
630MW
Mettur Thermal Power Station, Salem 840MW
Ennore Thermal Power Station, Ennore 450MW
Neyveli Zero Lignite Power Station, Cuddalore
250MW
 HYDRO ELECRTIC POWER PLANT
COMPONENTS :
Water Receiver Water Turbine
Dam Draft Tube
Spillway Tail Race
Pressure Tunnel
Penstock
Forebay
Surge Tank
LAYOUT OF HYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER
PLANT
METTUR DAM
 DIESEL POWER PLANT
COMPONENTS:
Diesel Engine
Air Filter And Super Charger
Engine Starting System
Fuel System
Lubricating System
Cooling System
Governing System
Exhaust System
LAYOUT OF DIESEL POWER PLANT
MAGNETO HYDRO DYNAMIC (MHD)
POWER GENERATION
Magneto Hydro Dynamic (MHD) system is a non-
conventional source of energy which is based upon
Faradays Law of Electromagnetic Induction, which
states that energy is generated due to the movement of
an electric conductor inside a magnetic field.
Principle Of MHD Power Generation
Faradays law of electromagnetic induction : When an
electric conductor moves across a magnetic field, an emf is
induced in it, which produces an electric current .
 Types of
MHD SYSTEM
(1)Open cycle System
(2)Closed cycle System
(i)Seeded inert gas systems
(ii) Liquid metal systems
OPEN CYCLE MHD SYSTEM
CLOSED CYCLE MHD SYSTEM
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OPEN CYCLE
AND CLOSED CYCLE SYSTEM
Open Cycle System
Working fluid after generating
electrical energy is discharged
to the atmosphere through a
stack .
Operation of MHD generator is
done directly on combustion
products .
Temperature requirement :
2300C to 2700C.
More developed.
Closed Cycle System
Working fluid is recycled to the
heat sources and thus is used
again.
Helium or argon(with cesium
seeding) is used as the working
fluid.
Temperature requirement : about
530C.
Less developed.
 ADVANTAGES OF MHD SYSTEM

Conversion efficiency of about 50% .

Less fuel consumption.
Large amount of pollution free power generated .
Ability to reach full power level as soon as started.
Plant size is considerably smaller than conventional
fossil fuel plants .
Less overall generation cost.
No moving parts, so more reliable .
 NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
Nuclear Fission And Chain Reaction
COMPONENTS OF NUCLEAR PLANT
Fuel
Nuclear Reactor
Steam Generator
Moderator
Reflector
Turbine
Control Rods
Coolant Pump and
Feed Pump
Shielding
Layout of Nuclear power plant
NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS IN INDIA
Tarapur Atomic Power plant, Tarapur Thane
Maharashtra 1,400MW
Kudankulam Nuclear Power plant,
Kudankulam Tirunelveli Tamil 1,000MW
Madras Atomic Power plant, Kalpakkam
Kancheepuram TamilNadu 440MW.
Kudankulam nuclear power plant
 Gas turbine power plant
Main components
Air compressors
Inter cooler
Regenerator
Combustion chamber
Gas turbine
Layout of gas turbine power plant
VALUTHUR GAS TURBINE POWER
PLANT
 Combined power cycles
Purpose:
To increase the efficiency and
To reduce the fuel
COMBINED GAS TURBINE AND STEAM
TURBINE POWER PLANT
Combined power plant at Doswell,
Virginia, USA

Combined Steam and Gas Power Plant

COMBINED MHD STEAM POWER
PLANT
 selection of power plants
General consideration
1. distance from the load centre
2. availability of water
3. overall plant cost
4. efficiency and capacity of the plant
5. distance from population area

Specific considerations
1. ash disposal facilities
2. storage of water
3. fuel transportation
4. waste disposal and safeguard for nuclear plants.
 Load curves
Load curve is the graphical representation
showing the load demand for every instant during
particular time interval
 Load duration curves
Load duration curve is represent the re-
arrangement of all load elements of load curve
in order of decreasing magnitude
 STEAM BOILERS
A boiler is a closed vessel in which steam is
generated from the water by applying heat.
Classifications
Fire tube boiler
Hot gas passes through the tubes
Water circulates around the tubes
Cochran boiler, locomotive boiler.
Water tube boiler
Water circulates through the tubes
Hot gas pass around the tubes
Babcock and Wilcox boiler
 High pressure boilers
Generate steam 30 to 1600 tonnes per hour
Pressure up to 210 bar
Temperature 6500c

1. La-mont boiler
2. loeffer boiler
3. benson boiler
4. velox boiler
 LA-MONT BOILER
Components
Steam separator drum
Water circulating pump
Distributing header
Evaporator
Convention super heater
Economizer
Air preheater
LA-MONT BOILER
 LOEFFLER BOILER
components
Economizer
Evaporator drum
Mixing nozzles
Steam separator pump
Radiant super heater
Convection super heator
LOEFFLER BOILER
 BENSON BOILER
Components
Economizer
Radiant Evaporator
Convention evaporator
Convention super heater
BENSON BOILER
 VELOX BOILER
Components
Economizer
Axial flow compressor
Water circulating pump
Convection super heater
VELOX BOILER
FLUIDIZED BED BOILERS
Circulating fluidized bed boiler
Pressurized Fluidized Bed Boiler
Thank you