Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Course: Introduction to
wireless communication
Introductory Lecture
Objectives
Frequency hopping
Direct sequence spread spectrum
Code division multiple access (CDMA)
Chapter 8: Coding and Error
Control
Forward error correction (FEC)
Using redundancy for error detection
Automatic repeat request (ARQ) techniques
Part Three: Wireless
Networking
Examines major types of networks
Satellite-based networks
Cellular networks
Cordless systems
Fixed wireless access schemes
Use of mobile IP and Wireless Access Protocol (WAP) to
provide Internet and Web access
Chapter 9: Satellite
Communications
Geostationary satellites (GEOS)
Low-earth orbiting satellites (LEOS)
Medium-earth orbiting satellites (MEOS)
Capacity allocation
Chapter 10: Cellular Wireless
Networks
Cellular wireless network design issues
First generation analog (traditional
mobile telephony service)
Second generation digital cellular networks
Time-division multiple access (TDMA)
Code-division multiple access (CDMA)
Third generation networks
Chapter 11: Cordless Systems
and Wireless Local Loop
Cordless systems
Wireless local loop (WLL)
Sometimes called radio in the loop (RITL) or fixed wireless
access (FWA)
Chapter 12: Mobile IP and
Wireless Access Protocol
Modifications to IP protocol to accommodate wireless
access to Internet
Wireless Application Protocol (WAP)
Provides mobile users access to telephony and information
services including Internet and Web
Includes wireless phones, pagers and personal digital
assistants (PDAs)
Part Four: Wireless Local Area
Networks
Examines underlying wireless LAN technology
Examines standardized approaches to local wireless
networking
Chapter 13: Wireless LAN
Technology
Overview of LANs and wireless LAN technology and
applications
Transmission techniques of wireless LANs
Spread spectrum
Narrowband microwave
Infrared
Chapter 14: IEEE 802.11
Wireless LAN Standard
Wireless LAN standards defined by IEEE 802.11
committee
Chapter 15: Bluetooth
Advantages
Spatial flexibility in radio reception range
Ad hoc networks without former planning
No problems with wiring (e.g. historical buildings, fire protection, esthetics)
Robust against disasters like earthquake, fire and careless users which remove
connectors!
Disadvantages
Generally very low transmission rates for higher numbers of users
Often proprietary, more powerful approaches, standards are often restricted
Many national regulations, global regulations are evolving slowly
Restricted frequency range, interferences of frequencies
Nevertheless, in the last 10-20 years, it has really been a wireless revolution
The Wireless Revolution
Cellular is the fastest growing sector of communication industry
(exponential growth since 1982, with over 2 billion users
worldwide today)
2500
2200
2000
[subs x000,000]
1500
Demand
Gap
1023
1000
500
250
0
Internet Cell Phones Broadband
7
4
6
Millions of Units
5
3
$-bil
2
3
2
1 1
0
0
01 002 03 04 005 06 007
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005
20 2 20 20 2 20 2
Broadband
Cellular Wireless/Wireline LAN
Rich Media
Walled
Garden Broadband Wireless
Value Added
Services Internet
Access
Services
*Other brands and names are the property of their respective owners.
Converging Markets Drive Economies of Scale
CE devices will require low ~220M BB users (CBL+DSL+other)
cost WLAN/WWAN access
Market demand is >1B
250M devices in 09 with a 200 M units a year growing at >$1B market growing into $>600B market
need for access 35% cable and DSL markets >2 B users
>700M units/yr
3G LTE/WiMAX
WiFi
WiFi/WiMax or WiFi/3G integration will
bridge markets
Innovation in Distribution:
Single Chip WiFi + WiMAX/3G Innovation in Services:
for Mass Market Web 2.0, AJAX,
Personal Internet
Innovation in Billing:
Pay as You Go, Pre-paid,
or Monthly Subscription
* Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others
Wireless History (Brief)
Wireless History
1901: First radio reception across the Atlantic Ocean
New services
What do Home users want?
Range: reliable wireless networking throughout the
home
High fidelity A/V: good Quality of Service for high quality
audio and video
Throughput!
HDTV-720 in the US @ 16 Mbps (MPEG2)
HDTV-1080 in Japan @ 20 Mbps (MPEG2)
Next generation Media Center will support 2
concurrent video streaming, and by .11n ratification 4
concurrent streaming
For 3 streams in the home, with picture-in-picture,
and Internet access, 100Mbps UDP level throughput is
easily consumed
Modern Wireless Systems
Peak
Modern Wireless Systems (by
Segment)
IEEE Wireless Standards
Sensors
IEEE 802.15.4 RFID
(Zigbee Alliance) (AutoID Center)
IEEE 802.21, IEEE 802.18 802.19
RAN
IEEE 802.22
WAN
3GPP (GPRS/UMTS)
3GPP2 (1X--/CDMA2000)
IEEE 802.20 GSMA, OMA
IEEE 802.16e
MAN
IEEE 802.16d ETSI HiperMAN &
WiMAX HIPERACCESS
LAN
IEEE 802.11 ETSI-BRAN
Wi-Fi Alliance HiperLAN2
IEEE 802.15.3
UWB, Bluetooth
PAN
ETSI
Wi-Media, HiperPAN
BTSIG, MBOA
Tradeoffs:
Mobility/Coverage/BitRate
Wireless LANs: WiFi/802.11
8C32810.61-Cimini-7/98
Q&A