Professional Documents
Culture Documents
presented by:
Kritika chhatwal
Definitions
Inventory-A physical resource that a firm
holds in stock with the intent of selling it or
transforming it into a more valuable state.
Raw Works
Materials Finished Finished
in Goods Goods
Process in Field
Nature of Inventory
Quality - inventory can be a buffer against poor
quality; conversely, low inventory levels may force
high quality
Speed - location of inventory has gigantic effect on
speed
Flexibility - location, level of anticipatory inventory
both have effects
Cost - direct: purchasing, delivery, manufacturing
indirect: holding, stockout.
HR systems may promote this-3 year postings
Objectives
To maintain a large size of inventories
of raw material and work in progress for
efficient and smooth production & of
finished goods for uninterrupted sales.
To maintain a minimum investment in
inventories to maximize profitability.
Need To Hold Inventory:
Transacation Motive
Precautionary Motive
Speculative Motive
Zero Inventory?
Reducing amounts of raw materials and
purchased parts and subassemblies by
having suppliers deliver them directly.
Quality
Speed
Flexibility
Cost
Design of Inventory Mgmt.
Systems:
1)ECONOMIC ORDER QUALITY (EOQ)
EOQ minimizes the sum of holding and setup costs. It involves
two types of costs:
a)Ordering costs
b)Carrying costs
2)REORDER POINT
The reorder point is that inventory level at which an order should
be placed to replenish the inventory.To determine the recorder
point under certainity we should know:
a)Lead time
b)Average usage
Carrying costs
Requisitioning
Order placing
Transportation
Receiving ,inspecting ,storing
Clerical & staff
Ordering costs
Warehousing
Handling
Insurance
Deterioration
Clerical & staff
Some of Inventory Costs
Procurement costs
Out-of-stock costs
Procurement Costs
Order processing
Shipping
Handling
Purchasing
manufacturing
Out-of-Stock Costs
Lost sales cost
Back-order cost
Inventory control systems:
ABC system
JIT system
Out sourcing system
Computerised system
Response based system
ABC inventory control systems