Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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N..
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1.
2.
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The Circular-Flow Diagram
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1
:
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1
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The Production Possibilities Frontier
PPF
50000
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100
10
A 50,000 0 500 0
B 40,000 10,000 400 1,000
E 0 50,000 0 5,000
()
6,000
E
5,000
A 500 0 D
4,000
B 400 1,000
3,000 C
C 250 2,500
2,000
D 100 4,000 B
1,000
E 0 5,000 A
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
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1
A.1003000
F
B. 3003500
G
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1
F:100, ()
3000 6,000
5,000
F 4,000
40,000 3,000
F
2,000
1,000
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
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1
G:300 ()
, 3500 6,000
5,000
G65 4,000 G
000 3,000
2,000
50000 1,000
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
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A-E)
F
G
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()
1000
6,000 = = 10
100
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
1
1,000
10
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
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2
600 600
500 500
400 400
300 300
200 200
100 100
0 0
0 100 200 300 400 0 100 200 300 400
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2
600 600
500 500
400 400
300 300
200 200
100 100
0 0
0 100 200 300 400 0 100 200 300 400
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()
6,000
5,000
4,000
3,000
2,000
. 1,000
0
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
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110
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27
A A,
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B,
B,
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(cause)
(causality) (cause)
(effect)
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Omitted Variables
correlations
(Omitted variables)
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Reverse Causality
(reverse causality)
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Time Lag
expectation
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3
a.
b.
c.
d.
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3
a.
b.
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3
c.
d.
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45
2003-2005
SEC,
FTC, etc.
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1979
2002WTO
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(93%)
93%
90%
85%
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50
85%
83%
79%
78%
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.(Ronald Reagan),
.(Barbara Boxer)
..(Sandra Day-OConnor)
.(Anthony Zinni)
.(Kofi Annan)
.(Meg Witman)eBayCEO
.(Steve Ballmer)CEO
.(Arnold Schwarzenegger)
.(Ben Stein)
,(Mick Jagger
.(John Elway)
.(Tiger Woods)
.(Diane von Furstenburg)
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