SUBMITTED BY

Mayank Yadav
 A Semi-blind time domain equalization technique is proposed
form general MIMO OFDM systems.

The Received OFDM symbols are shifted by more than or

equal to the cyclic prefix (CP) length, and a blind equalizer is
designed to completely suppress both inter-carrier prefix (CP)
length, and a blind equalizer is designed to completely
suppress both inter-carrier interference.

This kind of system can lead to Inter-Symbol-Interference (ISI)

in case of frequency selective channel.
 The Basic idea of OFDM is to inter-symbol-interference (isi) in
case of frequency selective channel. The Basic Idea Of OFDM
Is to divide the available spectrum in to several orthogonal
sub channels so that each narrowband sub channel
experience almost flat fading. Orthogonal frequency division
multiplexing (OFDM) Is becoming the chosen Modulation
Technique for wireless communication.

The Attractive feature of OFDM is the way it handles the

multipath interference at the receiver.
 - Multiple i/p multiple o/p
antenna array

- Used to increase data

rates, improve capacity
and BER (bit error rate) of
the system
Diagram of a MIMO wireless transmission
system. - Typically used with OFDM
so as to suit best needs in
next generation comm. i.e.
4G
 SU-MIMO (Single User - MIMO)

this utilizes MIMO technology to improve the

performance towards a single user.

MU-MIMO (Multi User - MIMO)

this enables multiple users to be served

through the use of spatial multiplexing
techniques.
 Definition

The first OFDM schemes presented in 1966

Development of OFDM over years

 The input data sequence is
baseband modulated, using a
digital modulation scheme.

Various modulation schemes

could be employed such as
BPSK, QPSK (also with their
differential form) and QAM
with several different signal
constellations. on scheme.
OFDM System block Diagram
There are also forms of OFDM
where a distinct modulation
on each sub channel is
performed like in ADSL
systems.
 It distributes the data over a large number of
carriers that are spaced apart at precise
frequencies.

This spacing provides the "orthogonality" in this

technique which prevents the demodulators from
seeing frequencies other than their own.
 Advantages
Makes efficient use of the spectrum by allowing overlap.

By dividing the channel into narrowband flat fading sub

channels, OFDM is more resistant to frequency selective
fading than single carrier systems.

OFDM is an efficient way to deal with multipath; for a

given delay spread, the implementation complexity is
significantly lower than that of a single-carrier system
with an equalizer.
 In general Equalization is the process of changing the frequency
envelope of a sound in audio processing.

Passing through any channel, an audio signal will "spread" from its
original qualities.
The goal of equalization is to compensate for frequency distortions
in the signal.

The term "equalizer" is often incorrectly applied to audio filters,

such as those included on DJ mixing equipment and hi-fi audio
components.

However, these "equalizers" are typically general purpose audio

filters, which can be arranged to produce the effect of low pass, high
pass, band pass and band stop filters.
 STTD (space time transmit diversity)

SM (spatial multiplexing)

H-ARQ (Hybrid automatic repeat request)

Shared access and MAC (medium access control)

used for scheduling packet access with Qos
 Coupling MIMO and OFDM concepts to improve data rates in
downlink of wireless communication networks.

Analyzing the performance and building a prototype of

Wireless WANS using MIMO-OFDM

Use of adaptive loading algorithms such as Chows and

Compellos.

Employing SVD (singular value decomposition) method to

increase the performance incase of MIMO
 Survey, Implementation and performance analysis of existing MIMO

Learning s/w and h/w

Developing efficient algorithms

Software synchronization development

Various candidate coding and receiver strategies

Identification of Equipment

Implementation of prototype
 In this thesis, a semi-blind time-domain equalization
technique has been proposed for general MIMO-OFDM
systems.

It performs well irrespective of whether the CP length is

longer than, equal to or shorter than the channel length.

The added CP at the end of each MIMO-OFDM symbol

converts the linear convolution in the channel into circular
convolution.

This process results in DFT upon transforming into frequency

domain.

Hence, we can fully depend upon the DFT / IDFT blocks used
in MIMO OFDM transmission block diagram without any
constraints on them.