Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Harliansyah, PhD
Department of Biochemistry
Faculty of Medicine
University of Yarsi
Jakarta, 2011
Tibtech. 28(1). 2008
Metabolism
Metabolism is all the biochemical reactions by which
food is transformed into energy store (ATP) and by which
our bodies require to function, including anabolism and
catabolism.
Catabolic reactions breakdown complex organic
compounds:
- providing energy (exergonic)
- Glycolysis, Krebs cycle and Electron transport
Anabolic reactions synthesize complex molecules from
small molecules:
- requiring energy (endergonic)
Exchange of energy requires use of ATP molecule.
Integration of metabolism is essential on both
short-term and long-term bases
Short-term : maintenance of a stable blood glucose level ( 2.5-3 mmol/s for brain function)
Blood sugar, Glucose is not an inert and gentle component of our diet.
Glucose is Toxic !
Long-term : High blood levels of glucose lead to protein denaturation and the development
of blindness, neuropathy and the kidney damage seen in diabetes.
High blood sugar levels lead to increased circulating triglycerides and are
responsible for development of cardiovascular disease.
Body cells
Insulin take up more
Beta cells of glucose.
pancreas are stimulated
to release insulin
into the blood.
Liver takes
up glucose
and stores it
as glycogen.
STIMULUS:
Blood glucose level
Rising blood glucose
declines to set point;
level (for instance, after
stimulus for insulin
eating a carbohydrate-
release diminishes.
rich meal)
Homeostasis:
Blood glucose level
(about 90 mg/100 mL)
Step # 6
Phosphate from the carboxyl group is transferred to the ADP yielding ATP and
3-phosphoglycerate
Step # 7
Isomerization of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate
Step # 8
Dehydration of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)
Step # 9
Removal of the remaining phosphate to yield ATP and pyruvate
Step # 10
Reductive decarboxylation of pyruvate to produce ethanol and CO2
REACTIONS OF GLYCOLYSIS
STEP REACTION ENZYME REACTION G in
TYPE kJ/mol