Progress Seminar on

FATIGUE DAMAGE PREDICTION OF STEEL

MOMENT FRAME UNDER SEISMIC LOADING

By
Solanki Maheshkumar Jayantilal
(152040025)
Under the guidance of
Dr. M.A. Chakrabarti
Structural Engineering Department
Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute
Matunga Mumbai.
What is Fatigue and its Classification ?

1) Fatigue is structural damage that occurs when a material

is subjected to cyclic loading .

2) Materials fails at stresses below the yield point.

3) Damage is cumulative .

4) Materials do not recover when rested.

5) There are two types of fatigue loading that can result in

different failure characteristics.
1. Low-cycle fatigue
2. High-cycle fatigue.
6) Low-cycle fatigue means that the load is applied at high stress
levels for a relatively low number of cycles .

7) High-cycle fatigue corresponds to a large number cycles at lower

stresses.

A low cycle fatigue is important for structures subjected to

earthquake loads.
Calculation of the fatigue damage to a steel frame structure
consists of four basic steps:

1) Do the time history analysis of steel structure.

2) Extract the response quantities of interest.

3) Convert the time history response to an equivalent series of loading

cycles.

4) Calculate the fatigue damage of the equivalent cyclic responses.

Cyclic Determination

1) In order to use the measured seismic response to calculate fatigue

damage, it is necessary to convert the time history to a series of
varying amplitude cycles.

2) The Rainflow method is most commonly used for converting

random measurements to cycles.

3) The Rainflow method allows the application of Miner's rule in

order to assess the fatigue life of a structure subject to complex
loading.
=
Fatigue damage

The Palmgren-Miner rule is used to predict the damage per cycle as

The total damage to a member over the complete cycling history

is then estimated as

Values of FDI greater than or equal to 1.0 indicate a low-cycle

fatigue fracture of the member.
Author Tilte Year Method Work
ZHU Hong- Fatigue Behavior of 2014 Experimental loading experiments on
bing et al Reinforced five reinforced concrete T
Concrete T -beam - beams were conducted
to observe the fatigue
damage development.

Navid Nastar Effects of low cycle - Numerical Effect of low cycle

et al fatigue on ten storey fatigue in a ten storey
steel building steel building (in
California)
Hesham Fatigue Resistance 2010 Numerical- Bolted lap jointed
Mohammed et of corrugated steel Experimental corrugated steel sheets
al sheets bolted lap were tested with a typical
joints under flexure test setup of the
specimens.

S.D.Campbell Steel moment frame 2008 Numerical A steel moment frame

et. al damage predictions was modeled in
using low cycle accordance with the
fatigue guidelines in ASCE-41
and the calculations were
carried out in Perform-3D
Author Title Year Method Work

Jun He. et .al Experimental and 2010 Experimental and Tested ten specimen to
Numerical study Numerical investigate the cyclic
on cyclic behavior of beam-to-
behavior of steel column joints of steel
Beam -to - frames . 3-D nonlinear
Column Joints finite element models are
established to analyze
the mechanical
properties of these
connections.
Objective

1) To do Time History analysis of steel moment frame.

2) To Model Critical connections or critical 2D frames using

FEM Software .

3) To Extract Responses quantities like stress time history from

FEM software and computing the FDI for the same .
 References

ZHU Hong-bing et al , Fatigue Behavior of Reinforced Concrete T beam,

Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development, 2014

Navid Nastar et al, Effects of low cycle fatigue on ten storey steel building

Hesham Mohammed et al, Fatigue Resistance of corrugated steel sheets bolted lap
joints under flexure

S.D.Campbell et. al, Steel moment frame damage predictions using low cycle
fatigue, World Conference on Earthquake Engineering,2008

Jun He. et .al, Experimental and Numerical study on cyclic behavior of steel
Beam -to -Column Joints , International Journal of Steel Structures,2010
Literature Review

S.D.Campbell et. all had analyzed moment resisting steel frame

subjected to gravity loads of the dead load plus a 1200 Pa live load
followed by an earthquake with a peak ground acceleration of 0.632g.
The nonlinear behavior and design limit states of the elements were
modeled in accordance with the guidelines in ASCE-41 and the
calculations were carried out in Perform-3D. The FDI numbers were
calculated using a custom program for three connection types: pre-
Northridge, reduced beam section (RBS), and slotted web (SW).
Jun He. et .all ,tested ten specimen to investigate the cyclic behavior of
beam-to-column joints of steel frames with joint panels. The
performances of the joints with respect to strength, rigidity, and
hysteretic performance are examined. Three different load carrying
mechanisms can be identified. On the basis of the experimental results
of steel beam-to-column moment joints, 3-D nonlinear finite element
models are established to analyze the mechanical properties of these
connections. It was found that the failure modes are influenced by the
resistance ratio, while the thickness of joint panels resulting in large
effects on the strength and stiffness under shear failure mode.
Algorithm for Rainflow Method

1) Reduce the time history to a sequence of (tensile) peaks and (compressive)

troughs.

2) Imagine that the time history is a pagoda.

3) Turn the sheet clockwise 90, so the starting time is at the top.

4) Each tensile peak is imagined as a source of water that "drips" down the
pagoda.

5) Count the number of half-cycles by looking for terminations in the flow

occurring when either:
a. It reaches the end of the time history
b. It merges with a flow that started at an earlier tensile peak;
or c. It encounters a trough of greater magnitude.
6) Repeat step 5 for compressive troughs.

7) Assign a magnitude to each half-cycle equal to the stress difference

between its start and termination.

8) Pair up half-cycles of identical magnitude (but opposite sense) to count

the number of complete cycles.