Study on lightning strike induced surge voltage

and currents on electrical equipment inside

various buildings located in Sri Lanka.

T. Jeyadarsan
168611T
MSc/ PG Dip in Electrical Installations
 Literature review
There are three charge centers in the cloud such as upper positive charge
center, negative charge center in the middle and small positive charge
packet.[1]

The probability of ground flash in Sri Lanka is lesser compared to

temperate regions due to the amount of charge at the lower positive
charge center(LPCC) of the thunderclouds. [1][2]

Lightning step leaders propagation towards the ground starts when the
positive charge was located below the negative charge center in the cloud
with the start of a pulse burst and followed by a preliminary breakdown
process. [1][3]

Measurement of electromagnetic field from lightning flashes can be done

using fast electric field measuring antenna to the extent to compare the
results with other countries. [2]
 Literature review
Cable management system(CMS) can contribute as down
conductor(DC)during lightning strike while provide screening against
magnetic and electrical fields coupling in the cables. Induced voltages are
lesser when CMS is used for cables. [4]

Surge environment has to be evaluate for the building during lightning

strike. Adjacent distribution circuit experience induced surges when DC
discharge the lightning current due to electric and magnetic coupling.
Induced voltage and current are proportional to a logarithmic of the ratio
of distances to two circuit conductors from the from DC.[5]
 Literature review cont
In order to compare measured currents injected into the LPS a complex
model of the system based on circuit theory is implemented in the ATP-
EMTP for simulation analysis. [6]

The investigation of lightning shielding performance with and without

bonding for three distinct lightning stroke types such as the negative first,
the negative subsequent, and the positive strokes. Intermediate bonding
of lightning protection system (LPS) gives a stronger reduction in the open-
loop voltage. [7]
 Literature review cont
The grounding impedance of a tower is typically to be kept lower than its
characteristic impedance which results, the current reflection coefficient is
negative at the top and positive at the bottom of the high rise building. [8]

A case study on lightning current distribution in the LPS of a residential

house was experimentally presented with results. A method is shown to
calculate and measure the disbursed currents in the grounding rods. [9]

Soil resistivity affects induced magnetic field but not the electric field
significantly. Current distribution depends on potential differences among
the grounding systems. [10]
 References
1. What directs a lightning flash towards ground?
V. Cooray, R. Jayaratne

2. Comparative study on preliminary breakdown pulse trains observed in Johor, Malaysia and Florida,
USA
Z.A. Baharudin , Noor Azlinda Ahmad, M. Fernando, V. Cooray, J.S. Mkel

3. Characteristics and correlation of return stroke, M component and continuing current for triggered
lightning
Yang Zhanga, Yijun Zhanga, Meng Xiea, Dong Zhenga, Weitao Lua, Shaodong Chenc, Xu Yanc

4. Performance of metallic cable management systems for lightning protection and their contribution to
improve the electromagnetic compatibility of cable installations in buildings.
Michael Benzin, Klaus Jendralski, Ernst Gnther Jordan, Peter Krger, Jan Meppelink

5. Surges induced in building electrical systems during a lightning strike

Y. Du, Binghao Li, Mingli Chen
 References
6. Measurements and modeling of current impulses in the lightning protection system and
internal electrical installation equipped with household appliances
G. Maslowski, S. Wyderka, R. Ziemba, G. Karnas, K. Filik, L. Karpinski

7. Magnetic fields and loop voltages inside reducedand full-scale structures produced by direct
lightning strikes
Ibrahim A. Metwally, Fridolin H. Heidler, and Wolfgang J. Zischank

8. Transient Response of a Tall Object to Lightning

Vladimir A. Rakov

9. Calculation of current distribution in the lightning protective system of a residential house

Ping Wang, Lin Li, and Vladimir A. Rakov

10. Effect of grounding system on electromagnetic fields around building struck by lightning
Bo Zhang, Jinliang He, Fellow, IEEE, Rong Zeng, and Shuiming Chen