Physics 114C - Mechanics

Lecture 17 (Walker: Ch. 7.3-4)

Work & Power
February 6, 2009

John G. Cramer
Professor of Physics
B451 PAB
cramer@phys.washington.edu
 Announcements
HW5 is due at 11:59 PM on Thursday, February 12. Homework
up to 24 hours late will receive 70% credit.
As of today 186/205 clickers are registered. I recently sent
an E-mail reminder to the unregistered students. Cumulative
clicker scores (27 max) as of Tuesday, Feb. 3 are posted on
Tycho under Lecture Score 4.
My office hours are 12:30-1:20 PM on Tuesdays and 2:30-3:20
PM on Thursdays, both in the 114 area of the Physics Study
Center on the Mezzanine floor of PAB C (this building).
We will have Exam 2 on Friday, February 13. It will cover
Chapters 5-8 and will be similar to Exam 1 in its structure.
There will again be assigned seating. There are already too
many requests for right-handed aisle seats and front row
seats, but new requests will be accepted.
26 November 2017 Physics 114A - Lecture 17 2/23
 Lecture Schedule (Part 2)
Physics 114A - Introduction to Mechanics
Lecture: Professor John G. Cramer
Textbook: Physics, Vol. 1 (UW Edition), James S. Walker
Week Date L# Lecture Topic Pages Slides Reading HW Due Lab
26-Jan-09 10 Newton's Laws 14 29 5-1 to 5-4
27-Jan-09 11 Common Forces 11 31 5-5 to 5-7
4 29-Jan-09 12 Free Body Diagrams - 24 - HW3
1-D Dynamics

30-Jan-09 13 Friction 9 29 6-1

2-Feb-09 14 Strings & Springs 12 26 6-2 to 6-4
3-Feb-09 15 Circular Motion 5 30 6-5 Newton's Laws
5 5-Feb-09 16 Work & Energy 11 28 7-1 to 7-2 HW4 Tension

6-Feb-09 17 Work & Power 7 25 7-3 to 7-4

9-Feb-09 18 Potential Energy 10 26 8-1 to 8-2
10-Feb-09 19 Energy Conservation I 16 18 8-3 to 8-5 We are here.
6 12-Feb-09 R2 Review & Extension - 44 - HW5
Work-energy

13-Feb-09 E2 EXAM 2 - Chapters 5-8

16-Feb-09 H2 Presidents Day Holiday
17-Feb-09 20 Momentum & Impulse 8 23 9-1 to 9-3
7 19-Feb-09 21 Momentum Conservation 11 24 9-4 to 9-5 HW6
Mom. & Collisions

20-Feb-09 22 Collisions & CM 10 22 9-6 to 9-7

26 November 2017 Physics 114A - Lecture 17 3/23
 Work and Area
If the force is constant, we can graphically
interpret the work done (W = F d) as the area
of a rectangle F tall and d wide:

26 November 2017 Physics 114A - Lecture 17 4/23

 Work Done by a Variable Force
If the force takes on several successive
constant values we can add adjacent rectangles:
W F1d1 F2 d2 F3d3 F4 d4

F2 d2
F1d1 F3d3
F4 d4

26 November 2017 Physics 114A - Lecture 17 5/23

 Work Done by a Variable Force
We can then approximate a continuously
varying force by a succession of constant values.

26 November 2017 Physics 114A - Lecture 17 6/23

 Example:
Work Done by a Varying Force
A force F Fx x varies with x as shown.
Find the work done by the force on a particle as
the particle moves from x = 0.0 m to x = 6.0 m.

W Atotal

W Atotal A1 A2 (5.0 N)(4.0 m) 12 (5.0 N)(2.0 m)

20.0 J 5.0 J 25.0 J

26 November 2017 Physics 114A - Lecture 17 7/23

 Elastic Solids & Restoring Forces
An elastic material is one
that exhibits a restoring
force, a force that acts so rubber
that it restores a system to an band
equilibrium position. Examples
are springs and rubber bands.
An elastic material stores
potential energy when it is
deformed and restores it when
it returns to equilibrium.
Microscopically, elastic
solids depend on the spring-
like bonds that bind atoms in a
solid.

26 November 2017 Physics 114A - Lecture 17 8/23

 Stretching a Spring

Sebuah pegas tanpa beban memiliki panjang L0.

digantungkan sebuah benda dengan massa m sehingga
pegas bertambah panjang menjadi L. Dengan demikian
Ds=L-L0 vs. gaya yg bekerja Fsp=mg.

Kita ketahui bahwa Fsp=kDs, dimana k adalah

konstanta pegas.
26 November 2017 Physics 114A - Lecture 17 9/23
 Hookes Law
The linear proportionality between
force and displacement is found to be
valid whether the spring is stretched
or compressed, and the force and
displacement are always in opposite
directions.
Therefore, we write the force-
displacement relation as:

( Fsp ) s k Ds
This relation for the restoring
force of a spring is sometimes called
Hookes Law, named after Robert
Hooke, a contemporary of Newton. It
is not really a law or nature, but rather
a rule of behavior for most springs.

26 November 2017 Physics 114A - Lecture 17 10/23

 Clicker Question 1

The force vs. displacement curves of three springs are measured.

Which spring has the largest spring constant?

a) Spring 1 b) Spring 2 c) Spring 3 d) They are all the same

26 November 2017 Physics 114A - Lecture 17 11/23

 Work and Springs
Besarnya gaya yang dibutuhkan untuk menarik
pegas sepanjang x adalah F = kx.
Sehingga usaha yang
dibutuhkan sebesar

(7-8)

26 November 2017 Physics 114A - Lecture 17 12/23

 Hookes Law and Work

Wby spring A1 A2 A1 A2
kx kx
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
2

W kx 1
2
2
f

26 November 2017 Physics 114A - Lecture 17 13/23

 Clicker Question 2
4.0 m/s

sebuah senapan angin melontarkan peluru dengan kecepatan 4.0

m/s.

jika pegas ditekan dua kali lipat, berapakah kecepatan peluru?

a) 2.0 m/s b) 4.0 m/s c) 8.0 m/s d) 16.0 m/s e) 32.0 m/s

26 November 2017 Physics 114A - Lecture 17 14/23

 Example: Work Done
on a Block by a Spring
A 4.0 kg block on a frictionless surface is
attached to a horizontal spring with k = 400
N/m. The spring is initially compressed to 5.0
cm.
(a) Find the work done on the block by the
spring as the block moves from x = x1 = -5.0 cm
to its equilibrium position of x = x2 = 0 cm.
(b) Find the speed of the block at x2 = 0 cm.
W Fx Dx k xDx 12 k x12 12 k x22
12 (400 N/m)[(0.05 m) 2 (0 m) 2 ] 0.50 J

2W
W 12 m v 2f 12 m vi2 v 2f vi2
m

2W 2(0.50 J)
vf 0.50 m/s
m (4.0 kg)
26 November 2017 Physics 114A - Lecture 17 15/23
 Example: Dragging a Block (1)
A spring is attached to a 2 kg
block. The other end is pulled by a
motorized toy train that moves
forward at 5.0 cm/s. The spring
constant is k=50 N/m and the
coefficient of static friction
between the block and the surface
is ms=0.6. The spring is in
equilibrium at t=0 s when the train
starts to move.
At what time does the block
start to slip?

26 November 2017 Physics 114A - Lecture 17 16/23

 Example: Dragging a Block (2)

This is an example of stick-slip motion, which is common in nature.

Example: behavior of rocks during seismic activity and earthquakes.

26 November 2017 Physics 114A - Lecture 17 17/23

 Daya
daya adalah usaha yang dilakukan tiap satuan
waktu yg disimbolkan dengan rumus:

(7-10)

SI power unit: 1 J/s = 1 watt = 1 W

1 horsepower = 1 hp =75 kg m/s = 746 W=
550 ft lb/s
26 November 2017 Physics 114A - Lecture 17 18/23
 Power

26 November 2017 Physics 114A - Lecture 17 19/23

 Daya dan kecepatan
D
v so D v Dt
Dt
DW F D F v Dt

DW
P F v
Dt
Daya pada benda yang bergerak.

SI Units for power: 1 watt = 1 W = 1 J/s

1 hp = 550 ft lb/s = 746 W 3

4
kW

1 kW h = (1000 W)(3600 s) = 3.6 106 W h = 3.6 MJ

26 November 2017 Physics 114A - Lecture 17 20/23
 Power and Velocity
jika sebuah benda bergerak dengan kecepatan
konstan tanpa ada gesekan dan kerugian lain maka
dituliskan dengan rumus:

(7-13)

26 November 2017 Physics 114A - Lecture 17 21/23

 Example:
The Power of a Motor
A small motor is used to operate a lift that raises a load of
bricks weighing 500 N to a height of 10 m in 20 s at constant
speed. The lift weighs 300 N.
What is the power output of the motor?

P F v Fv cos Fv cos 0 Fv

P (500 N 300 N)(10 m/20 s) 400 W 0.54 hp

26 November 2017 Physics 114A - Lecture 17 22/23

 End of Lecture 17
Before Monday, read Walker Chapter 8.1-2
Homework Assignments #5 should be submitted
using the Tycho system by 11:59 PM on Thursday, Feb.
12. (24 hours late 70% credit)
We will have Exam 2 on Friday, February 13. It will
cover Chapters 5-8 and will be similar to Exam 1 in its
structure. There will again be assigned seating. There
are already too many requests for right-handed aisle
seats and front row seats, but new requests will be
accepted.

26 November 2017 Physics 114A - Lecture 17 23/23