17th day- in the extra embryonic mesoderm. Vessels are formed in the embryo proper on the 18th dayin the intraembryonic mesoderm During 3rd week CVS begins to develop
Angiogenic cell clusters derived from mesenchyme
proliferate within the intraembryonic splanchnopleuric mesoderm. Central cells differentiate into blood cells & peripheral cells form endothelium. A pair of dorsal aortae are formed . Cranial part of dorsal aortae gain connection with aortic sac via aortic arches Aortic arches develop in the branchial arches. They are 6 pairs but the 5th one disappears soon. 1st pair of aortic arches is formed on days 22-24 They are formed due to embryonic folding pulling the cranial ends of dorsal aortae to the ventral position. 2nd aortic arches form on day 26, while 1st aortic arches are retrogressing, remnants of which become part of maxillary arteries 3rd & 4th pairs form on day 28 6th pair forms on day 29, while 2nd pair retrogresses, remnants of which form embryonic stapedial arteries. About 3rd week dorsal aortae fuse from T4 to L4 segments
This fusion forms a single descending
aorta caudally Right dorsal aorta caudal to 3rd aortic arch disappears Left dorsal aorta between 3rd & 4th aortic arches disappears. Aortic Arch 1 Portion of the maxillary artery
Aortic Arch 2 Hyoid and Stapedial Artery
Aortic Arch 3 Common Carotid Artery and proximal portion of the
internal carotid artery
Aortic Arch 4 Aortic Arch on the left & part of the subclavian artery on the right side Aortic Arch 5 No known derivatives; completely regresses
Aortic Arch 6 beginning of Pulmonary Arteries.
Rest of the 6th aortic arch disappears on the right side,but on the left it remains as ductus arteriosus. Ductus arteriosus soon after birth obliterates to form ligamentum arteriosum Development of major arteries
Ascending aorta & pulmonary trunk are
developed from the division of truncus arteriosus. Arch of aorta is from-a]aortic sac b] Left horn of aortic sac c] Left 4th aortic arch d] Left dorsal aorta. Common carotid artery from 3rd aortic arch Internal carotid artery from distal part of 3rd aortic arch & cranial parts dorsal aortae Left subclavian artery from left 7th cervical segmental artery
Right subclavian is from a] right 4th aortic
arch+b] part of right dorsal aorta + c]Right 7th cervical segmental artery. Brachiocephalic artery from right horn of aortic sac. Recurrent laryngeal nerve nerve of 6th arch on the right comes to curve round 4th arch ie subclavian artery after 6th right arch disappears. Left recurrent laryngeal nerve curves round the ductus arteriosus ie 6th left aortic arch . Descending aorta gives ventral,lateral & dorsal branches Ventral branches[vitelline arteries] form coeliac trunk,superior mesenteric & inferior mesenteric arteries Lateral branches form the renal & gonadal suprarenal atreries. Dorsal branches form intercostal , lumbar & lateral sacral arteries. Limbs receive blood through intersegmental artery branches-as axis artery & later adult pattern is formed. Umbilical arteries obliterate after birth Development of veins Vitelline veins from yolk sac,umbilical veins from placenta & cardinal veins draining the body wall opening to each horn of sinus venosus Vitelline veins give rise to liver sinusoids, ductus venosus, portal venous system & terminal part of IVC. Right umbilical vein degenerates, left obliterates to form the ligamentum teres 4 pulmonary veins open into the atrium by a common trunk. This common trunk is absorbed to form most of the left atrium & the 4 veins open separately into the left atrium. Inferior vena cava IVC a] right vitelline vein, b] right subcardinal vein c] right supracardinal vein d] right posterior cardinal vein. Superior vena cava from right common cardinal & proximal part of right anterior cardinal vein.
Internal jugular veins are derived from distal parts
of anterior cardinal veins. left brachiocephalic vein from the-Part of left anterior cardinal vein & Interanterior cardinal anastomosis Right brachiocephalic vein is formed by part of the right anterior cardinal vein DEVELOPMENT OF SUPERIOR VENA CAVA Inferior vena cava Inferior vena cava Fetal circulation Oxygenated blood from placenta passes through left umbilical vein Which joins the left branch of portal vein. Greater part of this blood directly go to the IVC through ductus venosus; but small portion of blood passes through substance of liver & go to the IVC through hepatic veins. Blood of IVC go to RA. Valve of IVC directs most of this blood to LA through foramen ovale. Some blood Is mixed with blood drained by SVC & enter the RV Blood of RV Mostly enter the aorta through ductus arteriosus Small amount of blood from RV Reaches the LA via the lungs. La has mostly oxygenated blood +small amount of deoxygenated blood. Blood from LA go to LV From LV to Aorta . From aorta oxygen rich blood pass through carotid & subclavian arteries To supply brain ,Head& neck ,& upper limb. Then ductus arteriosus joins the aorta
So blood in the rest of the aorta is mixed with
poorly oxygenated blood from ductus arteriosus. Parts of body supplied by branches of aorta , arising distal to its junction with ductus arteriosus receive moderately oxygenated blood Much of the blood of aorta is carried umbilical arteries to placenta for oxygenation,& then returned to the heart. THANK YOU