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Development of Blood

vessels

Blood vessels are formed in the yolk sac on the


17th day- in the extra embryonic mesoderm.
Vessels are formed in the embryo proper on the
18th dayin the intraembryonic mesoderm
During 3rd week CVS begins to
develop

Angiogenic cell clusters derived from mesenchyme


proliferate within the intraembryonic
splanchnopleuric mesoderm.
Central cells differentiate into blood cells &
peripheral cells form endothelium.
A pair of dorsal aortae are formed .
Cranial part of dorsal aortae gain connection with
aortic sac via aortic arches
Aortic arches develop in the branchial arches.
They are 6 pairs but the 5th one disappears soon.
1st pair of aortic arches is formed
on days 22-24
They are formed due to embryonic folding
pulling the cranial ends of dorsal aortae to the
ventral position.
2nd aortic arches form on day 26, while 1st
aortic arches are retrogressing, remnants of
which become part of maxillary arteries
3rd & 4th pairs form on day 28
6th pair forms on day 29,
while 2nd pair retrogresses, remnants of
which form embryonic stapedial arteries.
About 3rd week dorsal aortae fuse
from T4 to L4 segments

This fusion forms a single descending


aorta caudally
Right dorsal aorta caudal to 3rd aortic arch
disappears
Left dorsal aorta between 3rd & 4th aortic
arches disappears.
Aortic Arch 1 Portion of the maxillary artery

Aortic Arch 2 Hyoid and Stapedial Artery

Aortic Arch 3 Common Carotid Artery and proximal portion of the


internal carotid artery

Aortic Arch 4 Aortic Arch on the left & part of the subclavian artery on
the right side
Aortic Arch 5 No known derivatives; completely regresses

Aortic Arch 6 beginning of Pulmonary Arteries.


Rest of the 6th aortic arch disappears
on the right side,but on the left it remains
as ductus arteriosus.
Ductus arteriosus soon after birth obliterates
to form ligamentum arteriosum
Development of major arteries

Ascending aorta & pulmonary trunk are


developed from the division of truncus
arteriosus.
Arch of aorta is from-a]aortic sac b] Left horn of
aortic sac c] Left 4th aortic arch d] Left dorsal
aorta.
Common carotid artery from 3rd aortic arch
Internal carotid artery from distal part of 3rd
aortic arch & cranial parts dorsal aortae
Left subclavian artery from left 7th
cervical segmental artery

Right subclavian is from a] right 4th aortic


arch+b] part of right dorsal aorta + c]Right 7th
cervical segmental artery.
Brachiocephalic artery from right horn of
aortic sac.
Recurrent laryngeal nerve nerve of 6th arch
on the right comes to curve round 4th arch ie
subclavian artery after 6th right arch disappears.
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve curves round the
ductus arteriosus ie 6th left aortic arch .
Descending aorta gives
ventral,lateral & dorsal branches
Ventral branches[vitelline arteries]
form coeliac trunk,superior mesenteric &
inferior mesenteric arteries
Lateral branches form the renal & gonadal
suprarenal atreries.
Dorsal branches form intercostal , lumbar &
lateral sacral arteries.
Limbs receive blood through intersegmental
artery branches-as axis artery & later adult
pattern is formed.
Umbilical arteries obliterate after birth
Development of veins
Vitelline veins from yolk sac,umbilical veins from
placenta & cardinal veins draining the body wall
opening to each horn of sinus venosus
Vitelline veins give rise to liver sinusoids,
ductus venosus, portal venous system & terminal
part of IVC.
Right umbilical vein degenerates,
left obliterates to form the ligamentum teres
4 pulmonary veins open into the atrium by a
common trunk.
This common trunk is absorbed to form most of the
left atrium & the 4 veins open separately into the
left atrium.
Inferior vena cava
IVC a] right vitelline vein,
b] right subcardinal vein
c] right supracardinal vein
d] right posterior cardinal vein.
Superior vena cava from right common cardinal
& proximal part of right anterior cardinal vein.

Internal jugular veins are derived from distal parts


of anterior cardinal veins.
left brachiocephalic vein from the-Part of left
anterior cardinal vein & Interanterior cardinal
anastomosis
Right brachiocephalic vein is formed by part of
the right anterior cardinal vein
DEVELOPMENT OF SUPERIOR VENA CAVA
Inferior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Fetal circulation
Oxygenated blood from placenta passes
through left umbilical vein Which joins the left
branch of portal vein.
Greater part of this blood directly go to the IVC through
ductus venosus; but small portion of blood passes
through substance of liver & go to the IVC through
hepatic veins.
Blood of IVC go to RA.
Valve of IVC directs most of this blood to LA through
foramen ovale.
Some blood Is mixed with blood drained by SVC &
enter the RV
Blood of RV Mostly enter the aorta
through ductus arteriosus
Small amount of blood from RV Reaches the
LA via the lungs.
La has mostly oxygenated blood +small
amount of deoxygenated blood.
Blood from LA go to LV
From LV to Aorta . From aorta oxygen rich
blood pass through carotid & subclavian
arteries To supply brain ,Head& neck ,&
upper limb.
Then ductus arteriosus
joins the aorta

So blood in the rest of the aorta is mixed with


poorly oxygenated blood from ductus arteriosus.
Parts of body supplied by branches of aorta ,
arising distal to its junction with ductus
arteriosus receive moderately oxygenated
blood
Much of the blood of aorta is carried umbilical
arteries to placenta for oxygenation,& then
returned to the heart.
THANK YOU

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