Development of Face

Dr.Jagadeesh
 Learning outcomes

Describe the development of face.

Describe the congenital abnormalities
associated with the development of face.
 Primitive pharynx

Proliferation of mesenchyme of primitive pharynx

gives rise to 6 pairs of pharyngeal or branchial
arches.
 Development of face
Face develops from
Five elevations:
- One frontonasal
process.
- Paired maxillary
processes from
upper bud of first
pharyngeal arch.
- Paired mandibular
processes from
lower bud of first
pharyngeal arch.
 Development of face

Stomodeum:
- Is the depression
between five
elevations.
- opposed to primitive
pharynx by
buccopharyngeal
membrane, will
break down, then
stomodeum
communicates with
the foregut.
 Development of face

Nasal placode: by the

5th week, thickening of
ectoderm of lower part
of frontonasal process
results in formation of
nasal placode.
Nasal pit: depressions
in nasal placode.
Medial nasal process
and lateral nasal
process: proliferation
of mesenchyme at the
margins of the nasal
placodes.
Development of face
 Development of face
By 5th week, right
and left mandibular
processes fuse to
form the lower jaw
and lower lip.
By 6th week, medial
nasal processes
merge to give rise to
median portion of the
nose, middle portion
of upper lip, the
philtrum.
 Development of face
By 6-7th week,
maxillary process
fuse with medial
and lateral nasal
processes to give
rise to upper jaw,
lateral portion of
upper lip, lateral
portion of nose.
 Congenital malformations - Face
Cleft lip
a. Unilateral cleft lip:
results from failure of
the maxillary process
to merge with medial
nasal process on the
affected side.
b.bilateral cleft lip :
results from failure
the maxillary
processes to merge
with the medial
nasal process on
both sides.
 c. median cleft
lip: results from
failure of the
medial nasal
processes to
merge and form
the intermaxillary
segment.
oblique facial cleft
results from failure of
the maxillary process
to fuse with the lateral
nasal process.
OROFACIAL MALFORMATIONS : Agents
MEDICINES Vitamin A/Retinoids Cortisone

DIETARY DEFICIENCIES Folic acid

TOXINS ethanol, fluoride

INFECTIONS Rubella/German measles

FEBRILE ILLNESS

GENETICS

CHEMOTHERAPY
EXCESS RADIATION
Summary
 MATURE FACE: Sources
FRONTONASAL PROMINENCE

OPTIC PLACODE

HYOID and
MANDIBULAR ARCHES

MAXILLARY PROCESS

NASOLATERAL PROCESS
NASAL PIT
NASOMEDIAL PROCESS

STOMODEUM
NASAL PLACODE central part
MANDIBULAR ARCH
inside as olfactory mucosa
FACE
 Summary-Face

Frontonasal process - forehead, dorsum & apex

of nose.
Lateral nasal process - sides of nose.
Medial nasal process - nasal septum, philtrum,
premaxilla, primary palate.
Maxillary process - upper cheek, most of upper
jaw and lip.
Mandibular process - lower cheek, lower jaw,
lower lip & chin.
Thank you