RETROGRADE

PYELOGRAPHY
Definition
This procedure is performed with cystoscopy by placement of an endoscopic camera
via the urethra into the bladder.1
To evaluate the structure and integrity of the kidneys and ureters1

1. Retrograde pyelography. MEdscape. 2013

Indication
Indications of retrograde pyelography include the following:1
To evaluate ureteral obstruction
To identify filling defects such as stones or tumors
To assist in percutaneous access by delineating the entire collecting system
(nonhydronephrotic kidneys)
To aid in stent placement and ureteroscopy
To evaluate trauma

1. Campbell-Walsh Urology. 2011

Contraindication
Infected urine: Caution should be taken in performing this procedure in patients with
infected urine or even bacteremia.1
Allergy to contrast: if contrast is introduced under increased pressure, backflow of
the contrast material may occur, exposing it to the blood stream. 1
Pregnancy: In general, pregnant women should not receive more than 50 mSv of
radiation, as higher levels are shown to have teratogenic effects.1

1. Retrograde pyelography. Medscape. 2013