ANATOMI BMD-

1 BMSS
 MEKANISME DASAR PENYAKIT
(BMD)

ANATOMI ORGAN
Dr. Siti Rafiah Husain

ANATOMI BMD-
2 BMSS
 BEBERAPA HAL :
ISTILAH ANATOMIS
LATIN, INGGERIS

REFERENSI
ATLAS WERNER SPALTEHOLZ I II
SOBOTA JILID I II
GRAY GRANT HAMILTON BOYD

ANATOMI BMD-
3 BMSS
 ANATOMI VISCERA

DIGESTIVUS
RESPIRATORIUS
URINARIUS
CIRCULASI

dr. Siti Rafiah Husain

Department of Anatomy
Hasanuddin University
ANATOMI BMD-
4 BMSS
 TUJUAN INSTRUKSIONAL KHUSUS (T I K )

Setelah mengikuti kuliah ini, mahasiswa akan

dapat :

1. Menyebutkan morfologi viscera digestivus

2. Menyebutkan morfologi viscera respiratorius
3. Menyebutkan bagian-bagian dari sistema urinarius
4. Menyebutkan bagian-bagian sistema circulasi

ANATOMI BMD-
5 BMSS
 POKOK BAHASAN

SISTEMA DIGESTORIUS
SISTEMA RESPIRATORIUS
SISTEMA URINARIUS
SISTEMA CIRCULASI

ANATOMI BMD-
6 BMSS
 SYSTEMA DIGESTIVUS

1.CAVITAS ORIS
2.PHARYNX
3.OESOPHAGUS
4.GASTER (= VENTRICULUS )
5. INTESTINUM :
INTESTINUM TENUE
INTESTINUM CRASSUM
6. HEPAR
7. PANCREAS
(8.LIEN )
Gambar 1

ANATOMI BMD-
7 BMSS
 1.CAVITAS ORIS
Rongga
labium superius
labium inferius
bucca
palatum durum
palatum molle
dentis, lingua
diaphragma oris
rima oris
isthmus faucium
ANATOMI BMD-
8 BMSS
 STRUKTUR TULANG :
MAXILLA
MANDIBULA
OS PALATINUM

Articulatio temporomandibularis :
Mandibula
Os temporalis

MUSCULUS :
M.TEMPORALIS
M.PTERYGOIDEUS LATERALIS
M.PTERYGOIDEUS MEDIALIS
M.MASSETER
ANATOMI BMD-BMSS 9
ISI CAVITAS ORIS

1. DENTES dan GINGIVA Labium superior Dentis

Incisivus (2) caninus (1) premolar (2) (incisivus)

Palatum durum
molar (3) buccae

ada 2 jenis dentis yaitu Palatum molle

Tonsilla

-dentes decidua (20 buah) palatina

lingua

-dentes permanentes (32 buah)

Gambar 2 Labium inferior

fungsi : mastikasi,nilai estetika.

ANATOMI BMD-
10 BMSS
2. LINGUA

organ muscular
receptor gustatorius :
manis pahit asam asin
nucleus gustatorius nucleus
salivatorius reflex salivasi papilla

Fungsi : gustatorius, mastikasi,

deglutitio, fonasi
Gambar 3

ANATOMI BMD-
11 BMSS
 3. GLANDULA SALIVATORIUS :

GLD.SALIVATORIUS MINOR
GLD.SALIVATORUS MAJOR
Terdiri dari :
-gld.sublingualis
-gld.submandibularis
-gld parotis
Ductus excretorius cavitas oris

ANATOMI BMD-
12 BMSS
 2. PHARYNX

TABUNG FIBRO-MUSCULAR
BASIS CRANII VERTEBRA
CERVICALIS 6

PANJANG 12,5 CM
DIAMETER 5 CM , 2,5 CM

ANATOMI BMD-
13 BMSS
 Pembagian pharynx :
1. NASOPHARYNX :
- choanae cavitas nasi
- tuba eustacheus cavum 1
tympani
2
2. OROPHARYNX
3
isthmus faucium cavitas oris

3. LARINGOPHARYNX
adytus laryngeus - larynx

ANATOMI BMD-
14 BMSS
 m.constrictor pharyngeus :

superior
medius

inferior

ANATOMI BMD-
15 BMSS
 3. OESOPHAGUS
saluran muscular
pharynx gaster
di bagi menjadi 3 bagian :
-pars cervicalis
-pars thoracalis
-pars abdominalis
diaphragma thoracis hiatus
oesophageus
ANATOMI BMD-
16 BMSS
 CAVUM ABDOMINIS
RONGGA
CAVUM ABDOMINOPELVICUM
DIAPHRAGMA THORACIS
CAVITAS THORACIS
Viscera abdominis
DIBENTUK OLEH :
- skeleton : vertebra lumbalis 1-5
- Muskulus : m.rectus abdominis,
m.obliquus externus
abdominis, m.obliquus
internus abdominis,
m.transversus abdominis

ANATOMI BMD-
17 BMSS
CAVUM ABDOMINIS

IDENTIFIKASI LOKALISASI
VISCERA ABDOMINIS
PEMERIKSAAN FISIS - PALPASI

ANATOMI BMD-
18 BMSS
 Anatomical Regions:

ZONA COSTALIS : Regio

HYPOCHONDRIUM DEXTER
et SINISTER, EPIGASTRIUM
ZONA UMBILICALIS : Regio
LUMBALIS DEXT et SIN.,
UMBILICALIS
ZONA HYPOGASTRICA :
Regio INGUINALIS ( Iliaca)
DEXT et SIN., SUPRAPUBIS
(hypogastric)

ANATOMI BMD-
19 BMSS
 In the clinic: Abdomino-pelvic Regions

KANAN ATAS : HEPAR

KIRI ATAS : GASTER, LIEN
KANAN BAWAH : APPENDIX, OVARIUM
KIRI BAWAH : COLON SIGMOIDEUM ,
OVARIUM
SUPRA PUBIS : VESICA URINARIA,
UTERUS

ANATOMI BMD-
20 BMSS
 LAPISAN DINDING ABDOMEN
KULIT
JARINGAN LEMAK
FASCIA SUPERFICIALIS
ABDOMINIS
MUSCULUS VENTRO-LATERAL
FASCIA TRANSVERSA
ABDOMINIS

JARINGAN LEMAK
EXTRAPERITONEAL
PERITONEUM

ANATOMI BMD-
21 BMSS
4. GASTER = VENTRICULUS

Morfologi :
KANTONG MUCOSA DAN OTOT
POLOS
BENTUK HURUF J
CURVATURA MAJOR
CURVATURA MINOR
FIKSASI : OMENTUM MAJUS
DAN OMENTUM MINUS

ANATOMI BMD-
22 BMSS
 GASTER

Fundus
Dome
Under diaphragm
(corpus)
Corpus
Large, midportion
Pylorus
Distal portion
Pyloric sphincter

ANATOMI BMD-
23 BMSS
 KELENJAR dalam MUCOSA :
Hcl (asam)
LOKALISASI :
KUADRAN KIRI ATAS
ANATOMIS : REGIO
EPIGASTRIUM dan
HYPOCHONDRIUM
SINISTER
PERITONEUM -
INTRAPERITONEAL

ANATOMI BMD-
24 BMSS
 5. INTESTINUM
INTESTINUM TENUE :
- DUODENUM
- JEJENUM dan ILEUM

INTESTINUM CRASSUM :
CAECUM - COLON
ASCENDENS
TRANSVERSUM
DESCENDENS
SIGMOIDEUM - RECTUM -
ANUS
ANATOMI BMD-
25 BMSS
 DUODENUM
HURUF C
UKURAN 25 CM (12 JARI)
TERDIRI DARI : PARS
SUPERIOR DESCENDENS
HORIZONTALIS ASCENDENS
DUCTUS CHOLEDOCHUS
( EMPEDU )
DUCTUS PANCREATICUS (
ENZIM )

ANATOMI BMD-
26 BMSS
 JEJENUM - ILEUM

PANJANG 6-7 METER

MESENTERIUM
RADIX MESENTERII

ANATOMI BMD-
27 BMSS
 Intestinum crassum
Caecum
Processus vermiformix
(Appendix)
Colon
Ascendens
Transversum
Descendens
Sigmoideum
Rectum
Anus

ANATOMI BMD-
28 BMSS
 Caecum :
-pangkal colon ascendens
-muara ileum
-processus vermiformis =
appendix
colon ascendens
transversum descendens
sigmoideum rectum -- Gambar 7

anus
flexura coli dextra flexura coli
sinistra

ANATOMI BMD-
29 BMSS
 Ciri utama colon :

taenia

haustra

appendix epiploica (=appendix

omentalis)

ANATOMI BMD-
30 BMSS
 6. PANCREAS
KELENJAR EXOCRINE
ENDOCRINE
ENZIM INSULIN
CAPUT CORPUS
CAUDA
DUCTUS PANCREATICUS
WIRSUNGI + DUCTUS
CHOLEDOCHUS
BERMUARA KE DALAM
DUODENUM
DI BAGIAN KONKAF
DUODENUM
RETROPERITONEAL
ANATOMI BMD-
31 BMSS
Ducts of Pancreas

Main Pancreatic duct :

(ductus pancreaticus Wirsungi)
joins common bile duct
(ductus choledochus)
enters duodenum
Accessory Pancreatic
duct
enters duodenum in
other location

ANATOMI BMD-
32 pg 652 BMSS
 7. HEPAR
Organ besar, coklat
kemerah-merahan
konsistensi padat
kuadran kanan atas
intraperitoneal
bentuk hemispherium
terdiri dari lobus dexter et
sinister
facies visceralis porta
hepatis
ANATOMI BMD-
33 BMSS
APPARATUS EXCRETORIUS HEPATIS

VESICA FELLEA
DUCTUS CYSTICUS
DUCTUS HEPATICUS
DUCTUS CHOLEDOCHUS

ANATOMI BMD-
34 BMSS
 Vesica Fellea
Muscular sac
Located between
right and quadrate
lobes of liver
Bile
Produced by liver
Stored in gallbladder
Emulsification of fats
(Duct. Choledochus)

ANATOMI BMD-
35 BMSS
 Ductus cysticus

Duct. cysticus
from gallbladder
Duct. hepaticus
from liver
Ductus choledocus
(common bile duct)
carries bile into duodenum

ANATOMI BMD-
36 BMSS
 8. LIEN = SPLEEN
ORGAN LYMPHATIC
LUNAK
VASCULAR RESERVOIR DARAH
KUADRAN KIRI ATAS
INTRAPERIETONEAL
BUKAN ORGAN DIGESTIVUS (!)

ANATOMI BMD-
37 BMSS
SISTEMA CIRCULASI

COR
ARTERI VENA
LYMPHE - LYMPHONODUS

ANATOMI BMD-
38 BMSS
 Cardiovascular System
Heart
Blood Vessels
Circulation
Pulmonary
Systemic
Hepatic Portal

ANATOMI BMD-
39 BMSS
Cardiovascular System
Arteries
Carry blood from the heart to
the body
Veins
Return blood from the
capillary beds to the heart
Capillaries
Simple endothelial tubes
connecting arterial and
venous sides of the
circulation

ANATOMI BMD-
40 BMSS
 Heart
Approximately the size of your
fist
Location
Superior surface of diaphragm
Left of the midline
Anterior to the vertebral column,
posterior to the sternum and costal
cartilage
Apex tipped toward the left, base
superior
In pericardium space

ANATOMI BMD-
41 BMSS
BAGIAN-BAGIAN COR

atrium dextra
atrium sinister
ventriculus dexter
ventriculus
sinister

ANATOMI BMD-
42 BMSS
 The Heart

Aortae

Vena cava superior Truncus pulmonalis

Auricula dextra Auricula sinistra

Atrium cordis
dextra

Ventriculus dextra Ventriculus sinistra

Vena cava inferior Apex cordis

ANATOMI BMD-
43 BMSS
 Location in Thorax

Largest organ in
mediastinum
Lies posterior to
sternum and
costal cartilages
Rests on
superior surface
of diaphragm

ANATOMI BMD-
44 BMSS
 Heart Valves

ANATOMI BMD- Figure 18.8a, b

45 BMSS
 Circulations
Systemic circulation (for body supply)
(left ventricle tissues right atrium)

Pulmonary circulation (for oxygenation)

(right ventricle lungs left atrium)

Hepatic portal circulation (for nutrient processing)

(gut liver)

Coronary circulation (for cardiac muscle supply)

(systemic circulation myocardium systemic circulation)

ANATOMI BMD-
46 BMSS
 CIRCULASI SISTEMIK
ALIRAN DARAH
ARTERI : dinding otot
polos, berdenyut
VENA : dinding tipis,
valvula
COR AORTA ARTERI
ARTERIOLE
CAPILER JARINGAN
capiler venule vena
vena cava superior et
inferior-cor

ANATOMI BMD-
47 BMSS
 AORTA
AORTA ASCENDENS:
mempercabangkan
a.coronaria sinistra dan
a.coronaria dextra
ARCUS AORTA
AORTA DESCENDENS
(=AORTA THORACALIS)
Melanjutkan diri menjadi
AORTA ABDOMINALIS

ANATOMI BMD-
48 BMSS
 AORTA
a.Carotis communis
sinistra
Arteri Anonyma
a.Subclavia sinistra
Arcus aorta
Aorta descendens
Aorta ascendens

a.Coronaria sinistra
a.Coronaria dextra

ANATOMI BMD-
49 BMSS
 1 2 3

ARCUS AORTA

1. A. anonyma (=truncus
brachiocephalicus)
- a. carotis communis dextra
- A. subclavia dextra
2. A. carotis communis
sinistra
3. A. subclavia sinistra

ANATOMI BMD-
50 BMSS
 A.SUBCLAVIA
a.axillaris a.brachialis
a.ulnaris a.radialis
(processus styloideus)

A.CAROTIS COMMUNIS
: a.carotis interna
a.carotis interna

ANATOMI BMD-
51 BMSS
 Abdominal aorta
Common iliac
External iliac
Femoral

Aorta ascendens arcus aortae

aorta descendens (= aorta
thoracalis ) aorta
abdominalis arteria iliaca
communis a.iliaca interna-
a.ilica externa a.femoralis
a.poplitea a.tibialis anterior
a.tibialis posterior a.dorsalis
pedis
ANATOMI BMD-
52 BMSS
 CIRCULASI PULMONAL

ventriculus dexter
Truncus pulmonalis -
arteria pulmonalis
Pulmo
Pergantian CO2 dengan O2
(darah eritrosit)
vena pulmonalis
atrium sinister

ANATOMI BMD-
53 BMSS
 CIRCULASI CORONER

vascularisasi myocardium
a.coronaria dextra et
sinistra
v.cordis
v. cordis
sinus coronarius
Sinus coronarius
atrium dextrum

ANATOMI BMD-
54 BMSS
 2 1 1 2

1. Vena cordis
1. a.Coronaria sinistra
2. Sinus coronarius
2. a.Coronaria dextra

ANATOMI BMD-
55 BMSS
ALIRAN DARAH VENA :

EXTREMITAS INFERIOR :
vena saphena parva (v. poplitea
v.femoralis)
v.saphena magna v.femoralis
v.iliaca vena cava inferior

EXTREMITAS SUPERIOR :
v.cephalica (v. axillaris)
v. basilica (v. brachialis)
v.ulnaris-v.radialis v.brachialis
v.axillaris-v.subclavia

CAPUT dan COLLUM :

V.JUGULARIS EXTERNA
V.JUGULARIS INTERNA V.SUBCLAVIA
V.BRACHIOCEPHALICA - VENA CAVA
SUPERIOR
VENA CAVA SUPERIOR dan VENA CAVA
INFERIOR bermuara kedalam ATRIUM
DEXTRUM
ANATOMI BMD-
56 BMSS
 carotid artery
jugular vein pulmonary artery
aorta lung capillaries
superior kidney
vena cava

heart

liver
inferior
vena cava

intestine

femoral
femoral vein
artery

The human
circulatory
system
ANATOMI BMD-
57 BMSS
 ANATOMI BMD-
58 BMSS
Blood Circulation

ANATOMI BMD-
59 BMSS
 ANATOMI BMD-
60 BMSS
 CIRCULASI PORTAL

V.MESENTERICA SUPERIOR
V.MESENTERICA INFERIOR
V.LIENALIS

VENA PORTA PORTA

HEPATIS

ABSORBSI BAHAN MAKANAN

Bendungan : ascites hemorrhoid
- hematemesis

ANATOMI BMD-
61 BMSS
CIRCULUS ARTERIOSUS WILLISI

ENCEPHALON
A.CAROTIS INTERNA
A.BASILARIS (dibentuk
oleh a. vertebralis)

ANATOMI BMD-
62 BMSS
 Circle of Willis

ANATOMI BMD-
63 BMSS
 ALIRAN LIQUOR CEREBROSPINALIS

FILTRASI DARAH
PLEXUS CHORIOIDEUS
VENTRICULUS SPATIUM
SUBARACHNOIDEUM
SINUS VENOSUS
VENA JUGULARIS INTERNA
NUTRISI
ANATOMI BMD-
64 BMSS
 SISTEMA LYMPHATICA
LYMPHE (= CAIRAN JARINGAN) , bening
PEMBULUH LYMPHE
ORGAN LYMPHOID
(LYMPHONODUS) :
-LYMPHONODUS AXILLARIS
-LYMPHONODUS INGUINALIS
-LYMPHONODUS CERVICALIS
-LYMPHONODUS VISCERALIS :
(viscera abdominis cisterna chyli (chylus)
ductus thoracicus pembuluh vena)

ANATOMI BMD-
65 BMSS
 ANATOMI BMD-
66 BMSS
 ANATOMI BMD-
67 BMSS
 Lymphatic System
Superficial lymph
vessels are in the skin
and subcutaneous
tissue.
Deep lymphatic
vessels are in the deep
fascia between
muscles and
subcutaneous tissue.
The right lymphatic
duct drains lymph from
the bodys RUQ.
The thoracic duct
drains lymph from the
remainder of the body.
ANATOMI BMD-
68 BMSS
 Right
lymphatic
duct

Right Left subclavian vein

subclavian
vein

Thoracic (left lymphatic) duct

Cysterna Chyli

ANATOMI BMD-
69 BMSS
 ANATOMI BMD-
70 BMSS
 Lymphatic System

Part of circulatory system

Drainage of lymph (surplus

tissue fluid), collection of
lymph plasma from tissue
spaces, and transport of
lymph to venous system
Absorption and transport of
fat
Formation of defense
mechanism through
antibody production
ANATOMI BMD-
71
The lymphatic system consists of
Lymphatic capillary beds (plexuses)
Lymphatic vessels
Lymph nodes
Aggregations of lymphoid tissue in
spleen, thymus, and walls of
alimentary canal
Lymphocytes (produced in lymph
nodes, spleen, and red bone
marrow)
BMSS
 tonsil thoracic duct
enters vein
to vena cava
superior
vena cava
thymus

The human heart

lymphatic spleen

system thoracic
duct

lymph
vessels

lymph
nodes

valve prevents
backflow

chambers
packed with
lymphocytes
lymph node

ANATOMI BMD-
72 BMSS
 Distribution of LNs

- Cervical lymph nodes - drain head and neck

- Axillary lymph nodes - drain arms and breasts
- Popliteal lymph nodes - drain legs, drain into
- Inguinal lymph nodes - drain lower limb
- Thoracic lymph nodes - drain thoracic viscera
- Abdominal lymph nodes - drain pelvic region
- Intestinal and mesenteric lymph nodes - drain abdominal viscera

ANATOMI BMD-
73 BMSS