Circulatory

System
Circulatory systems
Circulatory System or Blood System: Main transport system of all
mammals that consists of a network of tubes called blood vessels.
Video
 Blood vessels that take
Pulmonary System blood to lungs and back
to heart
Composed
Circulatory System of
Blood vessels that take
Systemic System blood to the rest of the
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Heart
Double Circulatory System
Double Circulatory System: Blood passes through the heart twice in
one complete circuit around the body.
How it occurs
Low pressure blood is sent back to the heart before being pumped
to the lungs. It is then pumped to the lungs at high pressure.
Once the blood gets back to the heart from the lungs, it gains
pressure again before being transported to the body.

What are the advantages of having a double circulatory system?

What are the advantages of having a double circulatory system?

Allows for more faster/efficient transport of blood in the body

Simplified flow diagram of the Circulatory
System
Draw on Board
Activity (20 minutes)
Class activity in which individuals will be playing the roles of the
different parts of the circulatory system.
 The Heart
Function of the heart: pumps blood
around the body

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Structure of the heart
Chambers

Two atria (singular = atrium) smaller chambers near

top of heart that collect blood from body and lungs
Two ventricles larger chambers near bottom of
heart that pump blood to body and lungs
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Heart Valves

Atrioventricular valves (between atria and ventricles)

bicuspid valve on left side ; tricuspid valve on right
side
Semilunar valves (between ventricles and arteries)
aortic valve on left side ; pulmonary valve on right
side
The Heart
Blood Vessels

Vena cava (inferior and superior) feeds into the right atrium and returns
deoxygenated blood from the body
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Pulmonary artery connects to the right ventricle and sends deoxygenated
blood to the lungs

Pulmonary vein feeds into the left atrium and returns oxygenated blood
from the lungs

Aorta extends from the left ventricle and sends oxygenated blood around
the body
Recap
Activity
As a group, read pages 109-111 in
your book on how coronary arteries
supply the heart muscle, coronary
artery disease, and the factors that
can impact coronary artery disease.
Take Notes and discuss with each
other
Heart beat
Heart beat can be measured by taking your
pulse which is caused by an expansion and
relaxation of an artery caused by the heart
pushing blood through it.
Pulse rate is the same as your heart beat.
ECG (electrocardiograph) records the
activity of the heart.
 Pacemaker

Pacemaker: patch of muscle in the right

atrium which controls heart beat

Pacemaker sends electrical signals through

the walls of the heart, making the muscles
contract

Rate of pacemaker changes based on

activity

Artificial pacemaker can be used

When a person exercises, why does their
heartbeat faster?
Increase of pH in
Weak acid is used
the blood as more
Exercise to lower the pH of
carbon dioxide
the blood
released

Triggers increase of
Receptor cells in
frequency of the
brain sense this
nerve impulse sent
drop in pH
to pacemaker
Cardiac Cycle

The cardiac cycle describes the series of events that take place in the
heart over the duration of a single heart beat
It is comprised of a period of contraction (systole) and relaxation
(diastole)
Blood Vessels
Question four:

Types of Blood Vessels

Complete the following table from the PowerPoint presentation.

Use the next slide as well as your book to answer.

Arteries
Function: carry blood
away from heart at
very high pressure

Need strong walls to Blood pulses through

withstand high arteries as ventricles
pressure of blood contract and relax.
flowing through
them.
 Capillaries
Arteries divide to form smaller vessels
known as capillaries. Penetrate every
part of the body.

Function: take
nutrients, oxygen, Walls of capillaries are
and other materials only one cell thick.
to all the cells in the
body, and to take
away their waster
material.
Veins
Function: carry blood
to the heart

Veins have valves in

them to stop the
blood from flowing
backwards.
Naming blood vessels
Blood Composition
Plasma: liquid portion of blood
Cells float in plasma.
Mainly Red Blood Cells
Also some White Blood Cells
Plasma is mostly water
Many substances are dissolved
in plasma i.e. glucose, amino
acids, mineral ions, carbon
dioxide.
Blood Composition
Red Blood Cells

Made in bone marrow of some bones

Produced at high rate of 9000 million per
hour
Must be made quickly as RBC only lives for 4
months.
Red in color due to presence of the pigment
haemoglobin (which carries oxygen)
Red Blood Cell Features

1) No nucleus, meaning more space for

packing haemoglobin
2) Very Small
3) Shape of RBC is like a bioconcave disc.

Points 2 & 3 give RBC a high surface area to

volume ratio, speeding up the rate at which
oxygen can diffuse into and out of RBC.
Platelets

Small fragments of cells with no

nucleus
Made in bone marrow and play a
role in blood clotting which
prevents bacteria and viruses from
entering and prevens much blood
loss.
White Blood Cells

Large in size and have a nucleus

Can move around and squeeze out through the walls of
the blood capillaries
Function: to fight pathogens and to clear up any dead
body cells
Phagocyte: type of WBC which can engulf and destroy
pathogens.
How Blood Clots
Video:
Take notes on video.

With your partner:

Open to page 120 in your book
and read about figure 9.23.
Make sure you can explain to
each other the clotting process.
Lymph and tissue fluid
Plasma and WBCs can leak from capillaries into
tissues surrounding cells (tissue fluid)
Tissue fluid supplies cells with all their
requirements.
Ex. Oxygen diffuses from blood, through tissue fluid, to
the cells.
Plasma and WBCs must eventually be returned
to blood. How?
Tissue fluid slowly drain into lymphatic
capillaries. This fluid is now called lymph.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JRkLDKrDt
DY
1. Lymph enters Lymph Capillaries -->
2. Capillaries join to from large lymphatic
vessels
3. Lymphatic vessels carry lymph to subclavian
veins where lymph is allowed to re-enter blood.

Note: Lymph passes by lymph nodes on way to

subclavian vein. Lymph nodes produce white
blood cells.