Oil and Gas

The Black Gold!

Prepared by: Said BEN ABDALLAH

Well Testing

2012 1
Outlines
Definition of petroleum
reservoir;
Importance of petroleum;
Origin and creation;
Types of reservoir;
Exploration and production;
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Definition of petroleum reservoir
A subsurface pool of hydrocarbons
contained in porous or fractured rock
formations.
Hydrocarbons are trapped by the
overlaying of a multitude of rock
formation with lower permeability to
allow an its extraction.
Reservoirs are found using
hydrocarbon exploration methods.
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Petroleum
Petroleum (or crude oil), has not a
single chemical compound: liquid
and gas.
Liquid petroleum, or oil, comprises
a variety of liquid hydrocarbon
compounds, which are made up of
carbon and hydrogen.
There are also a variety of gaseous
hydrocarbons, collectively called
natural gas, of which the compound
methane (CH4) is the most
common.

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Importance of petroleum

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 Importance of petroleum

Gasoline - 19.5 gallons

One Barrel =
42 gallons Fuel Oil - 9.2 gallons

Jet Fuel - 4.1 gallons

Asphalt - 2.3 gallons
Kerosene - 0.2 gallons
Lubricants - 0.5 gallons

Petrochemicals, 6
other products - 6.2 gallons
Origin and creation
Crude oil and natural gas are produced from
the compression and heating of ancient
organic materials (preserved remains of
prehistoric zooplankton and algae) over long
geological time.
The organic materials have settled to the
ocean bottom and are buried in large
quantities under anoxic conditions (no
oxygen) and under heavy layer of sediments
(mixing with mud)
Chemical change begins to occur

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Origin and creation

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Origin and creation

Complex and big organic molecules are

slowly broken down into long chains of
hydrocarbon molecules, which have
the consistency of asphalt.
A waxy material known as kerogen
Liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons
(with the increase of pressure and heat).

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Origin and creation

Most of the maturation process occurs

between 50o to 100o C (120o to 210o F)
At higher temperatures the
hydrocarbon converts to methane gas

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Origin and creation: the time
factor
The amount of time it takes to create
petroleum is not precisely known.
However, petroleum is not found in
rock that is younger than 1 or 2 million
years old
Slow process which takes million of
years.

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Types of reservoir: Oil Traps
Impermeable

Permeable
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Types of reservoir
(A) Simple fold trap (B) fossilized coral reef
(C) fault trap (D) salt dome

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Exploration and production
Identification of area with favorable
None geological conditions;
Aerial survey (technical feasibility);
Seismic survey;
Exploratory drilling;
Appraisal (economical feasibility);
Development and production;
Decommissioning and rehabilitation.
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Exploration and production:
seismic survey

Seismic surveys are used to locate

likely rock structures underground in
which oil and gas might be found.
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Exploration and production:
seismic survey
Once an oil or gas prospect has
been identified, a hole is drilled to assess
the potential

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Thank you for your
attention

Prepared by: Said BEN ABDALLAH
Well Testing

2012
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