MONOGLUCIDE

Dpdv chimic

H-C=O CH 2 - OH
(CH - OH)n C=O
CH 2 - OH (CH - OH)n
CH 2 - OH
Aldoza Cetoza
HO H H OH HO H
CH O H OH
1C 1C 1 C C
1
H -C -O H
H -C -O H H - C -O H H -C - O H H -C -O H
O O O O
C1-C5 C1-C4
H O -C -H H O -C -H
H O -C - H H O -C - H H O - C -H
H -C -O H H -C
H -C -O H H -C -O H H -C
H -C -O H H -C -O H
H -C H -C H - C -O H
C H 2O H C H 2O H
C H 2O H C H 2O H C H 2O H
beta D glucopiranoza alfa D glucopiranoza GLUCOZA beta D glucofuranoza alfa D glucofuranoza
Formule de proiectie Formule de proiectie

C H 2O H C H 2O H
C H 2O H C H 2O H
H -C -O H O H -C -O H O
H O OH H O H OH H
H
H OH H OH H
OH H OH H
H OH OH H OH
OH H H
OH H OH
H H
OH H OH
beta D glucopiranoza alfa D glucopiranoza beta D glucofuranoza alfa D glucofuranoza
Formule de perspectiva Formule de perspectiva
 CHO 1CHO CHO
2 2
HO-C-H H-C-OH H-C-OH
3
HO-C-H HO-C-H HO-C-H
4 4
H-C-OH H-C-OH HO-C-H
5
H-C-OH H-C-OH H-C-OH
6
CH2 OH CH2 OH CH2 OH

MANOZA GLUCOZA GALACTOZA

 CH2OH CH2OH
CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH
2 C OH
2
HO-C 2 2 C OH
HO-C
2C=O
HO-C-H HO-C-H
O O C2-C6 HO-C-H HO-C-H
C2-C5
O O
HO-C-H
HO-C-H HO-C-H
HO-C-H HO-C-H
H-C-OH 5
H-C-OH H-C-OH H-C 5
H-C
6 H-C-OH
H-C 6 H-C
CH2OH CH2OH
CH2OH
H H
beta D fructopiranoza alfa D fructopiranoza beta D fructofuranoza alfa D fructofuranoza
FRUCTOZA
Reprezentare Tollens Reprezentare Tollens
Reprezentare Fisher

H CH2OH CH2OH
H
O OH O
H O OH H O CH2OH CH2OH
H
H OH OH OH OH
OH H OH H
OH CH2OH
OH CH2OH OH H OH
OH H
H OH H
H H H H
beta D fructopiranoza alfa D fructopiranoza beta D fructopiranoza alfa D fructofuranoza
Reprezentare Haworth Reprezentare Haworth
Reactia de oxidare la C1
este reactia de identificare/dozare clasica de baza ptr analiza glucozei din orice substrat

COOH R. Tollens CHO R. Fehling COOH

I t 0C I t0C I
2Ag + (CHOH)4 2Ag(NH3)2OH + (CHOH)4 +2Cu(OH)2 (CHOH)4 +Cu2O
-2HOH I
I -HOH I
CH2OH -4NH3 CH2OH CH2OH
acid gluconic glucoza acid gluconic
 Proprietati chimice ale glucozei cu aplicatii in industria alimentara

2 CO2 +2 C2H5OH + 24 Kcal -fermentatia alcoolica

i
Acool etilic (anaeroba)

C6 H12O6 2 CH3-CH(OH)-COOH + 56 Kcal -fermentatia lactica

Acid lactic (anaeroba)
Hexoza

CH3-(CH2)2-COOH + 2 CO2 +2 H2 -fermentatia butirica

(anaeroba)
Acid butiric

2 C2H5OH oxid. 2CH -COOH -fermentatia acetica

3
- H2O (aeroba)
Etanol Acid Acetic