The Neuromuscular System and

Exercise
 Kelompok 6:
Nofri diantara 2015 32 203
Hana Atikah 2015 32 158
 Neuromuscular
The nervous system works on the basis of
electrochemical impulses.
The nervous system consists of the central nervous
system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS). The
central nervous system is where the process takes place
and the peripheral nervous system acts to detect and
transmit the electrochemical impulses used in the
nervous system. The peripheral nervous system consists
of nerves that carry impulses between the central
nervous system with glands, skin and other organs.
 Continued..

The central nervous system consists of the

brain and spinal cord, responsible for receiving
and interpreting it from the peripheral nervous
system and sending the signal back both
conscious and unconscious. The peripheral
nervous system consists of the sense organs of
the eyes, ears, touch, taste and smell.
 Nervous System Function
Vigilance Function
Helps to know changes in the changes that occur around for delivered
to the sense device. In the sense device there are sensory nerves that
function specifically as input data.
Integration Function
Receive sensory messages from the outside environment,
interpretation by the central nervous system, organize information and
integrate with existing information to determine the type of response
to be provided.
Coordination
Once from the integrated information brain to send messages /
commands to the muscles and glands, it produces organized motion
and secretion.
Part of Neuromuscular
1. Cell body
The body of a nerve cell is the largest
part of a nerve cell. Cell bodies function
to receive stimuli from dendrites and
forward them to axons.
2. Dendrites
Dendrites are short and branched nerve
cell fibers. Dendrites are an extension of
the cell body. Dendrites function to
receive and deliver stimuli to the cell
body.
3. Axon
Axons are called neurites. Neurite is a
long nerve cell fibers that are the
cytoplasmic junction of the cell body. and
serves to accelerate the course of
stimulation.
Classification of nerve cells based on
Structure and Function

a) Sensory Nerve Cells
Nerve cells that function to
receive stimuli from the receptor is
a sense device.
b) Motor neural cells
Nerve cells that function to deliver
stimulus to the effector of muscles
and glands. Stimulated stimulation
is derived or received from the
brain and spinal cord.
Continued..
c) Nerve Liaison Cells
Nerve cells that function to
connect one nerve cell with another
nerve cell. Nerve cells that are
connected are sensory nerve cells
and motor nerve cells. One nerve
with other nerves interconnected.
The relationship between these
nerves is called synapses.
 Synapses
Synapses are the relation of impulse delivery from
one neuron to another.
The gap between one neuron and another is called
a synaptic cleft. The ion-charged electric jumps
occur in the synaptic cleft, both positive and
negative ions.
Submission of impulse with the help of chemicals in
the form of acetylcholine that acts as a transmitter
(transmitter) is in the synaptic cleft as well.
 Synapses
1. Synaptic transmission
Synapses are the adjacent (junction) side where the
impulse transfers from the axon end of a neuron to
another neuron or to a muscle or to a gland
2. Electric synapses
If two excited cells are related through direct
electric current flow in an area with low electrical
resistance, the synapses are referred to as electrical
synapses.
 Synapses
3. Chemical synapses
In chemical synapses, a neurotransmitter
(chemical substance) is released from the
presynaptic axon terminal, flowing across the
synaptic cleft, and attached to the postsynaptic
membrane receptor.
 Sensory nerves and Motor nerves
1. Sensory Nerve (Afferent
Neurons)
Sensory neurons are
neurons that have cell bodies
clustered to form a nerve or
ganglion node (plural = ganglia).
The function of the sensory
neuron is to continue the
impulse of the receptor to the
central nervous system (brain
and spinal cord).
 Continued..

2. Motor Neurons (Etheren

Neurons)
Motor neurons are neurons
that play the role of forward
impulses from the central
nervous system to the muscles
and glands that will respond to
the body. Because of this role,
motor neurons are also called
drive neurons.
 Description of the Nervous System in Runners

The whistle sound (impulse)

received by the body's responder is
carried by the sensory nerves to the
central nervous system of the brain
and spinal cord. Then the sensory
nerve is connected by the
intermediate neuron on the motor
nerve. Motor nerves deliver
stimulation of the effector nerve
structure in the form of muscles or
glands. Once the effector gets
stimulated it will perform a body
response (run).
Mechanisms On Reflex Motion
As for the mechanism of
reflex movement that is:
1) Sensory organs that receive impulses from
the skin.
2) Sensory nerve fibers that deliver implus to
the posterior root ganglion cells. Furthermore,
the cell fibers will continue to implus into the
substance of the medial horn of the spinal
cord.
3) The spinal cord connects the impulse to
the anterior horn of the spinal cord.
4) Motor nerve cells receive impulses and
deliver impulses through motor fibers.
5) Motor organs perform movements as they
are stimulated by motor neuron impulses.
 Long Term Influence and Length of Sports on
the Nervous System

Musculer (perototan) in its function is shrink /

retract / contraction. In shortening it must be
stimulated by the neuro system, so that it controls its
power, accuracy, and power. This is due to the greater
the will stronger and faster kontraksinya. So it's
impossible for the muscles to display their work
properly without donations from the nerves.

Each muscle cell is served by
one nerve, so the effect of
exercise on neuromuscular
changes is:
1) Exercise can enlarge
myofilament, with strength
training.
2) Exercise can speed up
sliding filament (contraction-
relaxation)
Continued..
3) Exercise can enhance
glycogen reserves,
because in practice many
use glycogen.
4) Increases muscle
responsiveness to stimuli
5) Improve motor skills,
strength, and endurance
muscles.
 Refence:
1. Laura Ferraiuolo, Joseph P. De Bono, dkk.
2009. Transcriptional response of the
neuromuscular system to exercise training
and potential implications for ALS. Journal of
Neurochemistry. Vol 109, Pages 17141724.

2. Anthony A. Vandervoort PhD. 2001. Aging of

the human neuromuscular system. Vol 205,
Pages 1725
Thank You