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Principles
Partition of molecules between gas (mobile
phase) and liquid (stationary phase).
Gas Chromatography
Filters/Traps Data system
H
RESET
Regulators Syringe/Sampler
Inlets
Detectors
Gas Carrier
Hydrogen
Air
Column
Schematic Diagram of Gas Chromatography
Separation process in GC
Gaseous analytes is transported thru the column
by gaseous mobile phase, called the carrier-gas
Mobile phases: gas
Stationary phases: non volatile liquid on the inside
of column or on a fine solid support
Walt Jennings,
GC Pioneer
Open tubular columns
Made of fused silica
Open tubular columns offer
Higher resolution
Shorter analysis time
Greater sensitivity
Lower sample capacity
ID of open tubular column:
0.1-0.53 mm, length: 15-100m
The thickness of stat. phase:
0.1-5 um
Liquid stat. phases
Polar column is the best for the polar analyte
Columns for GC
Columns for GC/MS
DB-1ms HP-1ms DB-5ms HP-5ms SemiVol HP-5ms DB-
35ms DB-17ms DB-225ms DB-XLB
Polysiloxane Polymers
HP-1 DB-1 DB-5 HP-5 DB-17 DB-23 DB-35 HP-
35 HP-50+ DB-200 DB-210 DB-225 DB-624 DB-
1301 DB-1701 DB-1701P Ultra 1 and Ultra 2
Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)
DB-WAX DB-WAXetr HP-INNOWax DB-FFAP HP-
FFAP DuraGuard
Chiral
CycloSil-B Cyclodex-B HP-Chiral ?/a>
High Temperature
DB-1ht DB-5ht DB-17ht
Life Science
DB-ALC1 and DB-ALC2 HP-Blood Alcohol DB-EVDX HP-Fast
Residual Solvent
Packed columns
Contain a fine solid support
Useful for preparative separations
Solid support: Teflon
Uniform and small particle size: improve
column efficiency
Retention Index (KOVAT Index, RI)
NPD
FPD
TCD
Thermal Conductivity Detector (TCD)
The rate of heat loss can be used as a measure of the gas composition.
R-P HPO* HPO + h (526 nm)
R-S S2* S2 + h (393 nm)
Electron Capture Detector (ECD)
N2 N2+ + e-
The small, mobile electrons are attracted to the anode before they can
recombine with the nitrogen cation.
AM + e- AM-
The decrease in the number of electrons and ions will lead to a fall in
current and this is related to the concentration of the component entering
the detector.