Video 1

Learning outcomes
At the end of the lesson, students must
be able to:
• Define mole in terms of mass of
carbon-12 and Avogadro constant, NA.
• Interconvert between moles, mass,
number of particles, molar volume of
gas at s.t.p. and room temperature.
 Micro World Macro World
atoms & molecules grams

Atomic mass is the mass of an atom in

atomic mass units (amu)

By definition:
1 atom 12C “weighs” 12 amu

On this scale
1
H = 1.008 amu
16
O = 16.00 amu
Natural lithium is:
7.42% 6Li (6.015 amu)
92.58% 7Li (7.016 amu)

Average atomic mass of lithium:

7.42 x 6.015 + 92.58 x 7.016

= 6.941 amu
100
The mole (mol) is the amount of a substance that
contains as many elementary entities as there
are atoms in exactly 12.00 grams of 12C
1 mol = NA = 6.0221367 x 1023 Video 2

Avogadro’s number (NA)

 eggs
Molar mass is the mass of 1 mole of shoes in grams
marbles
atoms
1 mole 12C atoms = 6.022 x 1023 atoms = 12.00 g
1 12C atom = 12.00 amu

1 mole 12C atoms = 12.00 g 12C

1 mole lithium atoms = 6.941 g of Li

For any element

atomic mass (amu) = molar mass (grams)
 Counting Objects of Fixed Relative Mass

12 red marbles @ 7g each = 84g 55.85g Fe = 6.022 x 1023 atoms Fe

12 yellow marbles @4g each=48g 32.07g S = 6.022 x 1023 atoms S
 Oxygen
32.00 g
One Mole of
Common Substances

Water
CaCO3 18.02 g
100.09 g

Copper
63.55 g
1 12C atom 12.00 g 1.66 x 10-24 g
x =
12.00 amu 6.022 x 10 23 12
C atoms 1 amu

1 amu = 1.66 x 10-24 g or 1 g = 6.022 x 1023 amu

M = molar mass in g/mol

Video 3
NA = Avogadro’s number
 Do You Understand Molar Mass?
How many atoms are in 0.551 g of potassium (K) ?

1 mol K = 39.10 g K
1 mol K = 6.022 x 1023 atoms K

1 mol K 6.022 x 1023 atoms K

0.551 g K x x =
39.10 g K 1 mol K

8.49 x 1021 atoms K Video 4

Molecular mass (or molecular weight) is the sum of
the atomic masses (in amu) in a molecule.

1S 32.07 amu
2O + 2 x 16.00 amu
SO2 SO2 64.07 amu

For any molecule

molecular mass (amu) = molar mass (grams)

1 molecule SO2 = 64.07 amu

1 mole SO2 = 64.07 g SO2
 Do You Understand Molecular Mass?
How many H atoms are in 72.5 g of C3H8O ?

1 mol C3H8O = (3 x 12) + (8 x 1) + 16 = 60 g C3H8O

1 mol C3H8O molecules = 8 mol H atoms
1 mol H = 6.022 x 1023 atoms H

1 mol C3H8O 8 mol H atoms 6.022 x 1023 H atoms

72.5 g C3H8O x x x =
60 g C3H8O 1 mol C3H8O 1 mol H atoms

5.82 x 1024 atoms H

 Table Summary of Mass Terminology

Term Definition Unit

Isotopic mass Mass of an isotope of an element amu

Atomic mass Average of the masses of the naturally amu

(also called occurring isotopes of an element
weighted according to their
atomic weight)
abundance
Molecular Sum of the atomic masses of the atoms amu
(or formula) mass (or ions) in a molecule (or formula unit)
(also called molecular
weight)
Mass of 1 mole of chemical entities g/mol
Molar mass (M) (atoms, ions, molecules, formula units)
(also called
gram-molecular weight)
 Converting cm3 to mole

Video 5
The molar volume of gases
Mole Concept of Gases
Molar volume of any gas at STP, Vm = 22.4 dm3mol−1
STP = standard temperature and pressure
Where T = 273.15 K P = 1 atm @ 760 mmHg

Amount of gas at STP, n = V, Volume of gas (L)

Vm (22.4 dm3 mol−1)
Video 6
 Example
A balloon is filled with hydrogen gas at s.t.p.
If the volume of the ballon is 2.24 dm 3 , calculate
the amount (mole) of hydrogen gas.

Solution 1,
22.4 dm 3 consists 1 mol of hydrogen gas
3 1
2.24 dm consists x 2.24 mol of hydrogen gas
22.4
so,
Number of mole = 0.1 mol
Solution 2,
volume of gas (dm 3 )
Number of mole = 3 −1
22.4 dm mol
2.24dm 3
=
22.4 dm 3 mol −1
= 0.1 mol
• 1 mole of gas has a volume of 24.0 dm3
at room temperature
At room temperature,
volume of gas (dm3) = number of mole
X 24.0 dm3 mol-1