INDUSTRIAL SCREENING

Outline

Introduction
Purpose of Screening
Factors affecting Performance of
Screening
Screen Types
Introduction
Industrial sizing is extensively used for size
separations from 300 mm down to around 40m,
although the efficiency decreases rapidly with
fineness.
Dry screening is generally limited to material above
about 5 mm in size, while wet screening down to
around 250m is common.
The main purposes in the minerals industry
are:
Sizing or Classifying,
to separate particles by size, usually to provide a downstream
unit process with the particle size range suited to that unit
operation;

to remove the coarsest size fractions in the feed material, usually

Scalping, so that they can be crushed or removed from the process;

to prepare a number of products within specified size ranges. This is

Grading, important in quarrying and iron ore, where the final product size is an
important part of the specification

for washing magnetic media from ore in dense medium

Media recovery, circuits;

to drain free moisture from a wet sand slurry;

Dewatering,

to remove fine material, generally below 0.5 mm from a

Desliming or de-dusting, wet or dry feed;

usually to remove wood fibres from a fine slurry stream

Trash removal,
Screen Patterns
 Screening
In its simplest form,
the screen is a surface
having many
apertures, or holes,
usually with uniform
dimensions. Particles
presented to that
surface will either
pass through or be
retained, according to
whether the particles
are smaller or larger
than the governing
dimensions of the
aperture..
3 Main Factor affecting Performance of
Screening

Screening
Motion Inclination
Media
Screen Motions
Straight line Motion
Screening by Stratification

By building up a material bed on a screen deck the

material will stratify when the motion of the screen
will reduce the internal friction in the material.
Screening by Freefall
If we use the double inclination used for
stratification (from 10-15 up to 20-30 degrees)
we are in free fall, meaning that no particle
layer can build up on the screen deck.
 Inclination

Single Inclination
Stratification
Screen
Circular (15)
Linear (0-5)
Double Inclination
Free fall
Compact- high
capacity by lower
selectivity
Typical in circuit
screening
Triple Inclination
Combine capacity
and selectivity
Typical control
screen for advance
product fractions
Multiple Inclination
Effective Thin-
layerscreen
Selection of screening media

Selection of the correct size and type of screen

is important. Equally important is the selection of
the screening media. This refers not only to a
correct aperture related to the cut size ,
but also to the wear in operation of these
screens.
Types of Screening media
Rubber
Rubber tensioned screen media
is a well established technology
to improve wear life, product
sizing and degradation, pegging,
blinding and noise compared to
traditional metal media
Polyurethane
Hard and soft grades are offered
to suit the application and all are
moulded on specially machined
metal moulds for accuracy and
quality.
Thickness
Screen Panel or Surface

The selection of screening panel for a

particular duty will depend on the aperture
required and the nature of the work.
Type of Panel or Surface
Types of Hole
Other Factors
 Particle size -some probabilities of passage related to the
particle size. (Unit is either Mesh or Micron)
 Feed rate -The principle of sieve sizing analysis is to use a low
feed rate and a very long screening time to effect an almost
complete separation.
 Particle shape- Most granular materials processed on screens are
non-spherical. While spherical particles pass with equal probability
in any orientation, irregular-shaped near-mesh particles must
orient themselves in an attitude that permits them to pass.
 Vibration -Screens are vibrated in order to throw particles
off the screening surface so that they can again be
presented to the screen, and to convey the particles along
the screen.
 Moisture-The amount of surface moisture present in the feed
has a marked effect on screening efficiency, as does the
presence of clays and other sticky materials.
Screen types
Vibrating Screen and Other Screen Type
 Description of Vibrating Screen

Vibrating screens are the most important and

versa- tile screening machines for mineral
processing applications.

The success of the vibrating screen has made

many older screen types obsolete in the minerals
industry including shaking and reciprocating
screens.

Vibrating screens have a rectangular screening

surface with feed and over- size discharge at
opposite ends.

They perform size separations from 300mm in

size down to 45 m and they are used in a variety
of sizing, grading, scalping, dewatering, wet
screening, and washing applications.
Types of Vibrating Screens

Horizontal
Inclined
Grizzly Screen Screen or
Screen
Linear Screen

Resonance Dewatering Banana

Screen Screen Screen

High-
Mogensen
Frequency
Screen
Screen
 Inclined screens -
Inclined or
circular motion
screens are
widely used as
sizing screens.
Single-shaft
screens must be
installed on a
slope, usually
between 15 and
28 to permit flow
of material along
the screen.
 Grizzly screens -
Very coarse
material is usually
screened on,
characterized by
parallel steel bars
or rails set at a
fixed distance
apart and installed
in line with the
flow of ore.
Structure
Horizontal screens-have a horizontal or near-horizontal screening surface,
and therefore need less headroom than inclined screens must be vibrated
with a linear or an elliptical vibration produced by a double or triple-shaft
vibrator
Resonance screens-
are a type of
horizontal screen
consisting of a
screen frame
connected by rubber
buffers to a
dynamically
balanced frame
having a natural
resonance frequency
which is the same as
that of the vibrating
screen body.
Areas of application of resonance Advantages of resonance
screens screens
Screening of building Less power consumption
materials, industrial minerals Five separation sizes per
Resonance Screens for machine possible;
recycling industry Due to the low dynamic
energies, light support design
For fine and medium of the subconstruction is
separation sizes up to approx. sufficient;
70 mm
Low construction height and
For dry and wet screening high separating accuracy of
horizontal screening deck
arrangement.
Dewatering screens
-are a type of
vibrating screen that
are fed a thick slurry
and produce a
drained sand
product.
Structure
Banana screens-
Banana screens
typically have a variable
slope of around 40-30
at the feed end of the
screen, reducing to
around 0-15 in
increments of 3.5-5
(Beerkircher, 1997).
How it works.
The steep sections of
the screen cause the
feed material to flow
rapidly at the feed end
of the screen. The
resulting thin bed of
particles stratifies more
quickly and therefore
has a faster screening
rate for the very fine
material than would be
possible on a slower
moving thick bed.
Towards the discharge
end of the screen, the
slope decreases to slow
down the remaining
material, enabling more
efficient screening of
the near-size material.
Parts of a Banana Screening
machine
Modular screens -
consist of two or more
independent screen
modules arranged in
series, effectively
making a large screen
from a number of
smaller units.
Mogensen Sizer is a
vibrating screen that uses
the principle that particles
smaller than the aperture
statistically require a certain
number of presentations to
the screen in order to pass.
How it works.

The Mogensen Sizer

consists of a system
of oscillating and
sloping screens of
decreasing aperture
size, the smallest of
which has a mesh
size up to twice the
size of the desired
separation size
(Hansen, 2000).
High-frequency screens-
Efficient screening of fine
particles requires a
vibration with small
amplitude and high
frequency. Frequencies
up to 3600 rpm are used
to separate down to 100
microns compared with
vibrating screens for
coarser
applications that are
vibrated at around 700-
1200rpm
How it works
High-Frequency Screen is usually use
in Sand Mining use for fine Materials.
Other Screen Types

Static Grizzly Mogensen

Trommels
Screen divergators

Bradford Flip-flow
Roller screen
Breaker screen

Circular Sieve bend

screens screens
 Static grizzlies
no vibration mechanism are used in scalping applications. They are
installed at a slope of 35-50 to assist material flow (Taggart, 1945).
How it works.
Mogensen divergators
use round bars in two rows- alternate bars at different angles,
and fixed at one end to prevent the possibility of blinding.
How it used
 Trommels
One of the oldest screening devices is the trommel or
revolving screen, which is a cylindrical screen typically
rotating at between 35 and 45% critical speed.
How it is used
 Bradford Breaker
is a variation of the trommel screen used in the coal industry. It serves a dual
function of breaking coal, usually to between -75 and -100mm, and separating
the harder shale, rock tramp metal, and wood contaminants into the oversize.
 Roller screens
can be used for screening applications from 3 to 300 mm
(Clifford, 1999).
VIDEO OF ROLLER SCREEN
 Flip-flow screens
are particularly suited for fine separations of damp material that
cannot be screened efficiently on conventional vibrating screens
(Meinel, 1998).
 Circular screens Circular, Gyratory, or
Tumbler screens
impart a combined gyratory and vertical motion. They are
widely used for fine- screening applications, wet or dry, down
to 40 m.
 Sieve bend screens
are used in sieve bends and inclined flat screens for
dewatering and very fine screening applications.
Structure
How it works
Sources
Basics of Mineral Processing ( Metso Expect Results)
Introduction to Mineral Processing (Wills
Presented by: April Kayte Mondala

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