ROOFING MATERIALS.

Types of roofs.

Sloping roofs
Domical roofs
Flat roofs.
 Types of roofing materials
ROOF COVERING IS AN ESSENTIAL COMPONENT OF PITCHED ROOF.TO PROTECT IT FROM
ATMOSPHERIC AGENCIES.
FOLLOWING ENUMERATED ARE THE TYPES OF ROOFING MATERIALS:
THATCH: is roofing made of plant material, in overlapping layers.
Wheat Straw, Seagrass,
Shingles.: Asphalt shingle, Mangalore clay tiles,WOODEN SHINGLES,SLATE SHINGLES.
WOOD CEDARWOOD, HARDWOOD
TILES.
Concrete,
Asbestos CEMENT SHEETS.
FIBRE REINFORCED PLASTICS.:PVC SHEETS.,ACRYLIC SHEETS.
Metal roofing :ALUMINIUM SHEETS,GALVANISED IRON CORRUGATED SHEETS.
GLASS.
 Roof shingles are a roof covering consisting of
individual overlapping elements. These
elements are typically flat rectangular shapes
laid in rows from the bottom edge of the roof up,
with each successive higher row overlapping
the joints in the row below. Historically, at the
roof ridge there was a cap consisting of copper
or lead sheeting which in modern times has
been replaced by shingles with a plastic
underlay.

Shingles have been made of various materials

such as wood, slate, asbestos-cement,
bitumen-soaked paper covered with aggregate
(asphalt shingle), composite or ceramic. Due to
increased fire hazard, wood shingles and
paper-based asphalt shingles have become
less common than fiberglass-based asphalt
shingles.

.
 Hardwood is wood from angiosperm
trees .
Hardwood contrasts with softwood (which
comes from conifer trees).
 slate
Slate is a fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous
metamorphic rock derived from an original shale-type
sedimentary rock composed of clay or volcanic ash
through low-grade regional metamorphism.
Slate is frequently grey in color, especially when seen
enmasse covering roofs. However, slate occurs in a
variety of colors even from a single locality; can be found
in many shades of grey, from pale to dark, and may also
be purple, green or cyan.
The word "slate" is also used for some objects made
from slate.
Mineral composition
Slate is mainly composed of quartz and muscovite or
illite, often along with biotite, chlorite, hematite, and
pyrite and, less frequently, apatite, graphite, kaolin,
magnetite, tourmaline, or zircon as well as feldspar.
Slate can be made into roofing slates, also called roofing
shingles, installed by a slater.[5] Slate has two lines of
breakability: cleavage and grain, which make it possible
to split the stone into thin sheets. When broken, slate
retains a natural appearance while remaining relatively
flat and easily stackable.
Slate is particularly suitable as a roofing material as it has an extremely low water
absorption capacity.Its low tendency to absorb water also makes it very resistant to frost
damage and breakage due to freezing.
Roofing features such as valleys and domes are easier to create since narrow tiles can be
used
Slate tiles are often used for interior and exterior flooring, stairs, walkways and wall
cladding. Tiles are installed and set on mortar and grouted along the edges. Chemical
sealants are often used on tiles to improve durability and appearance, increase stain
resistance, reduce efflorescence, and increase or reduce surface smoothness.
Tiles are often sold gauged, meaning that the back surface is ground for ease of installation.
Slate flooring can be slippery when used in external locations subject to rain.
Slate roof.
MANGLORE TILES.

These tiles are native to Mangalore, a city in the

former South Canara district on the western coast
of India. Hence they were named Mangalore tiles
by the tile factory manufacturers. These tiles
define Mangalore's skyline and characterize its
urban setting.
These red colored clay tiles, unique in shape and
size are so famous and export to all the corners of
world. They are unique and are made or available
in different size and shapes depending on the users
need.
These tiles are not only eco-friendly but also cheap,
durable and costs only one third that of cement.
 MANGLORE TILES.

The Mangalore tiles are generally

placed at forty five degree slant. The
tiles get their robust red colour due
to the high proportion of iron
compound found in the laterite clay.

A tile weighs about 2 kilograms (4.4

lb) to 3 kilograms (6.6 lb).These kind
of tiles are most popularly used in
Canara, Goa, Kerala, and the Konkan.
 CONCRETE.
Concrete is a construction material that is
composed of cement (commonly Portland
cement) and other cementitious materials such
as fly ash and slag cement, aggregate (generally
a coarse aggregate made of gravels or crushed
rocks such as limestone, or granite, plus a fine
aggregate such as sand), water, and chemical
admixtures.
Concrete solidifies and hardens after mixing with
water and placement due to a chemical process
known as hydration.
The water reacts with the cement, which bonds
the other components together, eventually
creating a stone-like material. Concrete is used
to make pavements, pipe, architectural
structures, foundations, motorways/roads,
bridges/overpasses, parking structures,
brick/block walls and footings for gates, fences
and poles.
CONCRETE.
 Composition of concrete
Portland cement is the most common .
type of cement in general usage. It is
a basic ingredient of concrete,
mortar, and plaster.
Portland cement and similar
materials are made by heating
limestone (a source of calcium) with
clay, and grinding this product (called
clinker) with a source of sulfate (most
commonly gypsum).
Water
Combining water with a cementitious
material forms a cement paste by the
process of hydration. The cement
paste glues the aggregate together,
fills voids within it, and allows it to
flow more freely.
Less water in the cement paste will
yield a stronger, more durable
concrete; more water will give an
freer-flowing concrete with a higher
slump.[12]
Hydration involves many different
reactions, often occurring at the
same time. As the reactions proceed,
the products of the cement hydration
process gradually bond together the
individual sand and gravel particles,
and other components of the
concrete, to form a solid mass.
 Concrete.
Reinforcement
Concrete is strong in compression, as
the aggregate efficiently carries the
compression load. However, it is
weak in tension as the cement
holding the aggregate in place can
crack, allowing the structure to fail.
Reinforced concrete solves these
problems by adding either steel
reinforcing bars, steel fibers, glass
fiber, or plastic fiber to carry tensile
loads.
 ASPHALT.
An asphalt shingle is a type of roof shingle. They
are one of the most widely used roofing covers
because they are relatively inexpensive and fairly
simple to install.
Two types of asphalt shingles are used: organic
and fiberglass or glass fiber.

Organic shingles are generally paper (waste

paper) saturated with asphalt to make it
waterproof, then a top coating of adhesive
asphalt is applied and ceramic granules are then
embedded.
In the case of algae-resistant shingles, a portion
of the granules contain leachable copper
ceramically coated, designed to protect against
discoloration from algae on the roof.
 FIBRE GLASS ASPHALTSHINGLES.
Fiberglass shingles have a base layer
of glass fiber reinforcing mat. The
mat is made from wet, random-laid
fiberglass bonded with urea-
formaldehyde resin.
The mat is then coated with asphalt
which contains mineral fillers and
makes the fiberglass shingle
waterproof.
A newer design of fiberglass asphalt
shingle, called laminated or
architectural, uses two distinct layers
which are bonded together with
asphalt sealant. Laminate shingles
are heavier, more expensive, and
arguably more durable than
traditional 3-tab shingle designs.
Laminated shingles also give a more
varied, contoured visual effect to a
roof surface.
 AESBESTOS

Asbestos is a set of six naturally occurring silicate minerals

exploited commercially for their desirable physical
properties. They all have in common their asbestiform habit,
long, (1:20) thin fibrous crystals.
The inhalation of asbestos fibers can cause serious illnesses,
including malignant lung cancer.
Asbestos became increasingly popular among manufacturers
and builders because of its sound absorption, average tensile
strength, and its resistance to heat, electrical and chemical
damage.
When asbestos is used for its resistance to fire or heat, the
fibers are often mixed with cement or woven into fabric or
mats.
Aesbestos is used as it has high electrical insulation at
elevated temperature, and in buildings for its flame-
retardant and insulating properties, tensile strength,
flexibility, and resistance to chemicals.
FRP(FRABICATED ROOF LIGHT SHEETS.) ROOFING.
The normal weight of the FRP Rooflight Sheets shall
be 1.85 kg per square metres. Each sheet is tested for
hardness by Barcol Hardness tester to ensure the
rigidity. FRP Rooflight Sheets are tested for surface
finish prior to dispatch.
Features of FRP Rooflight Sheets:
AWNINGS.

The Window/ Door/ Terrace Awnings are

widely used for covering windows, doors,
terraces and open areas. These awnings
are used for providing shade from the
scorching heat of the sun and beautify the
area. It helps in keeping the covered area
cool and is available with safety device to
close them, avoiding any damage.
Colour Coated Galvanised Corrugated ROOFING
SHEETS.
The Colour Coated Galvanised
Corrugated Roofing Sheets are used
for roof and wall cladding.
The Colour Coated Galvanised
Corrugated Roofing Sheets have
thickness ranging from 0.25 - 0.80
mm.,hardness ranging from 85 to 95
HRB. These Corrugated Roofing/
Cladding Sheets are available in
Variety of sizes and colours.
PVC ROOFING SHEETS.

Key features of Polyvinyl Chloride - PVC Corrugated

Sheets are:
- Light weight thereby easy to transport and
install.
- Low structural cost due to light weight.
- Smooth surface for easy cleaning &
maintenance.
- Waterproof, rustproof and corrosion -
resistance.
- Good insulator keeps out the heat in summer,
retains warmth in winter.
- Termite and rat proof.
PVC ROOFING SHEETS.
Key specifications of Polyvinyl Chloride - PVC
Corrugated Sheets are:
- Sheet Size: Width - 1000mm; Length -
1830mm, 2000mm, 2440mm, 3050mm,
3660mm
- Thickness: 1mm, 1.5mm and 2mm
- Colour: White, Clear

Application areas of Polyvinyl Chloride - PVC
Corrugated Sheets are:
- Low- cost housing project.
- Poultry - farms, dairies and cattle sheds.
- Factories and warehouses.
- Garages, vehicle sheds and verandas.
- Bus - shelters and parapets.
- Wall-panelling & false ceilings.
Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics - FRP Corrugated Sheets.
Fiberglass Reinforced Plastics - FRP
Corrugated Sheets are made from
opaque and translucent fiber glass,
which is used in different applications.
They are known for their UV stability,
superior impact resistance and better
finish.
These corrugated sheets are made
from best quality chopped strand mat
and U.V. Polyester resin.
Small & medium sized framed fabric
structures which are popularly called as
modular tensile structures or modular
tents is designed specifically to give a
new and modern look to toll plazas and
entrance gates are constructed using frp
sheets.